ChatGPT integration within nursing education and its implications for nursing students: a systematic review and text network analysis
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore prevalent topics related to integrating ChatGPT into nursing education, specifically focusing on its impact on nursing students.Design A systematic review and text network analysis were conducted.Data sources Full-text articles from reputable scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, along with relevant articles identified through Google Scholar, were utilized, and the search period ranged from January 20th to January 23rd, 2024.Review methods The review centered on the main text of the articles, which were initially converted from PDFs to TXT files. Text cleaning and preprocessing were conducted using Python 3.11, followed by text analysis performed with InfraNodus.Results Of 145 articles, 46 full-text articles were included in the final analysis. Four key topical clusters were identified: Academic Writing, Healthcare Simulation, Data Modeling, and Personal Development. Sentiments regarding the integration of ChatGPT into nursing education and its impact on nursing students were primarily positive (48 %), with a notable percentage expressing negative views (31 %) and a smaller proportion indicating neutrality (21 %).Conclusion This study highlights the transformative potential of ChatGPT in nursing education, advocating for its responsible integration to empower nursing students with advanced skills and uphold ethical standards in artificial intelligence (AI) utilization. The identified four topics and the sentiments are crucial for guiding educators, researchers, and practitioners in nursing education to navigate the integration of AI tools effectively. Further research and exploration in these areas can contribute to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of technology and nursing education.
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A review in nursing education found that the literature mainly consists of editorials and review articles from the USA, China, Canada, India and the Philippines and primarily involves academic writing, health care simulation, data modelling and personal development.
“A review in nursing education found that the literature mainly consists of editorials and review articles from the USA, China, Canada, India and the Philippines and primarily involves academic writing, health care simulation, data modelling and personal development [15].”
From Generative artificial intelligence in physiotherapy education: great potential amidst challenges- a qualitative interview study (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
Knowledge in integrating GAI into health professional education is limited.
“Knowledge in integrating GAI into health professional education is limited.”
From Generative artificial intelligence in physiotherapy education: great potential amidst challenges- a qualitative interview study (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
Integrating AI chatbots into traditional nursing education involves complex and dynamic interactions, and the interplay between teachers, students, and AI chatbots remains insufficiently clarified.
“Second, integrating AI chatbots into traditional nursing education is involved complex and dynamic interactions, and the interplay between teachers, students, and AI chatbots remains insufficiently clarified (19, 20).”
From Digital affordances of AI chatbots in nursing education: a systematic review of learning gains and gaps in the evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Most existing reviews of GenAI in nursing education lack structured analytical frameworks for systematically mapping evidence into actionable insights.
“A few reviews have begun to examine GenAI in nursing education, but most lack structured analytical frameworks for systematically mapping evidence into actionable insights.”
From Patterns, advances, and gaps in using ChatGPT and similar technologies in nursing education: A PAGER scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Gunawan et al., 2024
A coherent synthesis of emerging evidence on GenAI in nursing education is lacking.
“However, a coherent synthesis of this emerging evidence is lacking.”
From Patterns, advances, and gaps in using ChatGPT and similar technologies in nursing education: A PAGER scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Gunawan et al., 2024
Gunawan et al. (2024) employed text network analysis to identify thematic clusters without tracking evidence progression.
“Gunawan et al. (2024) employed text network analysis to identify thematic clusters without tracking evidence progression.”
From Patterns, advances, and gaps in using ChatGPT and similar technologies in nursing education: A PAGER scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Gunawan et al., 2024
ChatGPT has been utilized in nursing education for academic writing, healthcare simulations, data modeling, and personal development.
“In a systematic review, Gunawan et al. (2024) identified that ChatGPT has been utilized in nursing education for academic writing, healthcare simulations, data modeling, and personal development.”
From Current trends and future implications in the utilization of ChatGPT in nursing: a rapid review (2024) · cites this paper as Gunawan et al., 2024
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- Authors
- Gunawan, J., Aungsuroch, Y., & Montayre, J.
- Affiliations
- Chulalongkorn University (TH)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Gunawan, Joko
- Aungsuroch, Yupin
- Venue
- Nurse Education Today
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-10
- Volume
- 141
- Pages
- 106323
- ISSN
- 0260-6917 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401009910
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nurse Education Today (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chulalongkorn University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, nursing education, nursing students, artificial intelligence in education, academic writing, simulation-based medical education, data modeling, human development, student perceptions, AI ethics
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Education, Nursing, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Humans, Students, Nursing
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