Barriers to bacterial sexually transmitted infection testing of HIV-infected men who have sex with men engaged in HIV primary care.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Approximately 15% of HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) engaged in HIV primary care have been diagnosed as having a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past year, yet STI testing frequency remains low. METHODS: We sought to quantify STI testing frequencies at a large, urban HIV care clinic, and to identify patient- and provider-related barriers to increased STI testing. We extracted laboratory data in aggregate from the electronic medical record to calculate STI testing frequencies (defined as the number of HIV-infected MSM engaged in care who were tested at least once over an 18-month period divided by the number of MSM engaged in care). We created anonymous surveys of patients and providers to elicit barriers. RESULTS: Extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was low (29%-32%), but the frequency of syphilis testing was higher (72%). Patients frequently reported high-risk behaviors, including drug use (16.4%) and recent bacterial STI (25.5%), as well as substantial rates of recent testing (>60% in prior 6 months). Most (72%) reported testing for STI in HIV primary care, but one-third went elsewhere for "easier" (42%), anonymous (21%), or more frequent (16%) testing. HIV primary care providers lacked testing and treatment knowledge (25%-32%) and cited lack of time (68%), discomfort with sexual history taking and genital examination (21%), and patient reluctance (39%) as barriers to increased STI testing. CONCLUSION: Sexually transmitted infection testing in HIV care remains unacceptably low. Enhanced education of providers, along with strategies to decrease provider time and increase patient ease and frequency of STI testing, is needed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Basing screening practices solely on history might be suboptimal because providers might feel uncomfortable taking a detailed sexual history, men might also feel uncomfortable sharing personal sexual information with their provider, and rectal and pharyngeal infections can be identified even in the absence of reported risk behaviors.
“Basing screening practices solely on history might be suboptimal because providers might feel uncomfortable taking a detailed sexual history (229), men might also feel uncomfortable sharing personal sexual information with their provider, and rectal and pharyngeal infections can be identified even in the absence of reported risk behaviors (171).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [229]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Fleming, D. T., & Wasserheit, J. N. (1999) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.75.1.3 · Cited by 2,271 · see citing works
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines
Workowski, K., & Berman, S. M. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/511430 · Cited by 1,977 · see citing works
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 7982 Treatment Guidelines
Workowski, K., & Berman, S. M. (1982) · American Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/s0160-3450(16)31823-2 · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Kent, C. K., Chaw, J. K., Wong, W., Liska, S., Gibson, S., Hubbard, G., & Klausner, J. D. (2005) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/430704 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Patton, M. E., Kidd, S., Llata, E., Stenger, M., Braxton, J., Asbel, L., Bernstein, K., Gratzer, B., Jespersen, M., Kerani, R., et al. (2014) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciu184 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Mimiaga, M. J., Goldhammer, H., Belanoff, C. M., Tetu, A. M., & Mayer, K. H. (2006) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000225327.13214.bf · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Korenromp, E. L., White, R. G., Orroth, K. K., Bakker, R., Kamali, A., Serwadda, D., Gray, R. H., Grosskurth, H., Habbema, J. D. F., & Hayes, R. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/425274 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Morris, S. R., Klausner, J. D., Buchbinder, S., Wheeler, S. L., Koblin, B. A., Coates, T. J., Chesney, M. A., & Colfax, G. N. (2006) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/508460 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Rectal chlamydia--a reservoir of undiagnosed infection in men who have sex with men
Annan, N. T., Sullivan, A., Nori, A., Naydenova, P., Alexander, S., McKenna, A. S., Azadian, B. S., Mandalia, S., Rossi, M., Ward, H., et al. (2009) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.2008.031773 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
STD screening of HIV-infected MSM in HIV clinics.
Hoover, K. W., Butler, M., Workowski, K., Carpio, F., Follansbee, S., Gratzer, B., Hare, B., Johnston, B., Theodore, J. L., Wohlfeiler, M., et al. (2010) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181e50058 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Rieg, G. K., Lewis, R. J., Miller, L. G., Witt, M. D., Guerrero, M., & Daar, E. S. (2008) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2007.0240 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mayer, K. H., Bush, T. J., Henry, K., et al. (2011) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e31823b1922 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Carter, J. W., Hart-Cooper, G. D., Butler, M., Workowski, K., & Hoover, K. W. (2014) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000067 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Mimiaga, M. J., Helms, D. J., Reisner, S. L., Grasso, C., Bertrand, T. E., Mosure, D. J., Weinstock, H., McLean, C. A., & Mayer, K. H. (2009) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181a2ad98 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gunn, R. A., O’Brien, C. J., Lee, M. A., et al. (2008) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e318177ec70 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Among HIV-Infected Patients in the United States
Flagg, E. W., Weinstock, H., Frazier, E. L., Valverde, E. E., Heffelfinger, J. D., & Skarbinski, J. (2015) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000260 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Drainoni, M., Dekker, D. K., Lee-Hood, E., et al. (2009) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2008.0063 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Pharyngeal gonorrhoea: a silent cause for concern
Kinghorn, G. R. (2010) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.2010.043349 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Keaveney, S., Sadlier, C., O’Dea, S., Delamere, S., & Bergin, C. J. (2014) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/0956462414521165 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing rates of HIV-infected men: low despite guidelines
Berry, S. A., Ghanem, K. G., Page, K. R., et al. (2010) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.2009.041541 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., Johnston, C. M., Muzny, C. A., Park, I., Reno, H., Zenilman, J. M., & Bolan, G. A. (2021) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 · Cited by 2,759 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barbee, L. A., Dhanireddy, S., Tat, S. A., & Marrazzo, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Public Health – Seattle & King County (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- San Francisco State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barbee, Lindley A.
- Dhanireddy, Shireesha
- Marrazzo, Jeanne M.
- Venue
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 590-594
- ISSN
- 0148-5717 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4576720
- OpenAlex
- W2418408296
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (PS1-1103)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32 AI 07041, K23AI113185, T32AI007041)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Keywords
- sexually transmitted infections, HIV-infected men who have sex with men, barriers to testing, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV primary care, patient reluctance, anonymous testing, HIV care clinics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care Facilities, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Primary Health Care, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, United States, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial, Homosexuality, Male, Viral Load, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
