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Cited by 38LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyHIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsGender, Sexuality, and Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Increased ascertainment of transgender and non-binary patients using a 2-step versus 1-step gender identity intake question in an STD clinic setting.

Tordoff, Diana M., Morgan, Jennifer, Dombrowski, Julia C., Golden, Matthew R., Barbee, Lindley A.·2019·Sexually Transmitted Diseases
DOI 10.1097/olq.0000000000000952
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Transgender inclusive and gender affirmative healthcare includes asking patients about gender identity and sex assigned at birth through what is known as the "2-step" methodology. In May 2016, the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Seattle, WA switched from using a 1-step to a 2-step gender identity question. We aimed to determine if the updated questions increased ascertainment of transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) patients and used the improved gender identity data to describe the human immunodeficiency virus/STD risk profile of TGNC patients. METHODS: We conducted a pre-post analysis comparing the proportion of patients that identified as TGNC during the year before and after implementation of the 2-step questions. Gender identity and medical history questions were ascertained using a computer-assisted self-interview. The 2-step question included 2 new gender response options: non-binary/genderqueer and write-in. RESULTS: Institution of the 2-step question resulted in a 4.8-fold increase in patients who were identified as TGNC: 36 (0.5%) of 6635 to 172 (2.4%) of 7025 patients (P < 0.001). After implementation, 89 patients identified as non-binary/genderqueer (51.7% of TGNC patients). The proportion of patients identified as transgender men and women increased from 0.2% to 0.5% (P = 0.002) and 0.4% to 0.6% (P = 0.096), respectively. Non-binary patients' human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection risk profile was distinct from that of transgender and cisgender men who have sex with men, suggesting that distinguishing subpopulations within the TGNC population is important for risk stratification. CONCLUSIONS: Using a 2-step gender identity question and including non-binary/genderqueer options increased our clinic's ascertainment of TGNC patients and more accurately captured gender identity among STD clinic patients.

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Crossref · 10.1097/olq.0000000000000952

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Metadata

Authors
Tordoff, D. M., Morgan, J., Dombrowski, J. C., Golden, M. R., & Barbee, L. A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology;
  • Public Health – Seattle & King County (US)
Corresponding author
  • Tordoff, Diana M.
  • Dombrowski, Julia C.
  • Golden, Matthew R.
ORCID
Venue
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2019-04
Volume
46
Issue
4
Pages
254-259
ISSN
  • 0148-5717 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-4521
DOI
10.1097/olq.0000000000000952
OpenAlex
W2902324068
Cited by
38
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3
FWCI
4.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Sexuality, and Education
Keywords
STD clinic patients, sexually transmitted infections, gender-affirming care, computer-assisted self-interview, risk stratification
MeSH terms
Ambulatory Care Facilities, Computers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Public Health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Washington, Transgender Persons

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