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Cited by 14Reproductive tract infections researchAntifungal resistance and susceptibilityUrinary Tract Infections Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Data on Safety of Intravaginal Boric Acid Use in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women: A Narrative Review

Open access
Mittelstaedt, Rachel, Kretz, Alyssa, Levine, Michael, Handa, Victoria L., Ghanem, Khalil G., Sobel, Jack D., Powell, Anna, Tuddenham, Susan·2021·Sexually Transmitted Diseases
DOI 10.1097/olq.0000000000001562PMC PMC10100571
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Abstract

ABSTRACT: Intravaginal boric acid (IBA) represents one of the only options available to treat azole-resistant vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and is included as part of multiple national guidelines (including the United Kingdom and the United States) for the treatment of VVC or recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Novel products using IBA are under development for treatment and suppression of VVC and bacterial vaginosis. Use of over-the-counter or clinician-prescribed IBA in reproductive-aged women is already widespread and may increase further if drug resistance in VVC rises. However, IBA is not a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, and safety data are sparse. Given these factors, it is important to understand the currently available data on the safety of IBA use. Herein, we set out to synthesize human and animal data (converting, where appropriate, dose and serum values to standard units to facilitate comparison) to answer 2 key questions: (1) What are the data on the safety of IBA use for women? and (2) What are the data on the safety of IBA use in pregnancy? We find that, despite gaps, available data suggest IBA use is safe, at least when used in doses commonly described in the literature as being prescribed by clinicians. Information on harms in pregnancy is limited, and data remain insufficient to change current guidelines, which recommend IBA avoidance in pregnancy.

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Metadata

Authors
Mittelstaedt, R., Kretz, A., Levine, M., Handa, V. L., Ghanem, K. G., Sobel, J. D., Powell, A., & Tuddenham, S.
Affiliations
  • Department of Internal Medicine
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Wayne State University (US)
Corresponding author
Mittelstaedt, Rachel
ORCID
Venue
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2021-09-23
Volume
48
Issue
12
Pages
e241-e247
ISSN
  • 0148-5717 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-4521
DOI
10.1097/olq.0000000000001562
PMC
PMC10100571
OpenAlex
W3199330060
Cited by
14
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2022-06-01)
Open access
Locations
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • BioFire Diagnostics
  • National Institutes of Health (5k23ai155296-02)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ((K23AI155296)., K23AI125715)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
Keywords
drug safety, pregnancy, vaginal candidiasis, azole resistance, bacterial vaginosis, women of reproductive age, drug resistance
MeSH terms
Administration, Intravaginal, Adult, Boric Acids, Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Vaginosis, Bacterial

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