The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Gait, Balance, and Functional Locomotor Mobility
Abstract
In Brief Purpose: This study reports the secondary effects of a constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) protocol on spatial temporal parameters of gait, balance, and functional locomotor mobility in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Sixteen children (4–12 years old) participated in a 3-week CIMT program. Participants were tested on the first and last day of the CIMT program using the Standardized Walking Obstacle Course (SWOC), the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and the GAITRite Gold system (CIR Systems, Inc, Havertown, Pennsylvania). Results: Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used on all pre- and posttests. Only the spatial temporal parameters of cadence and velocity differed significantly, with 12 subjects displaying a faster cadence (P = .02) and 10 subjects displaying a faster velocity (P = .05). Conclusion: In this pilot study, CIMT was found to promote changes in 2 spatial temporal parameters of gait. However, no changes were noted in the participant's measures on the SWOC and PBS. Examination of the effects of CIMT on gait parameters, balance, and locomotor ability revealed that cadence and velocity of gait were improved after a 6-week program. The authors recommend additional study with more sensitive tools to examine what may be additional effects.
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“Two upper limb intervention studies were identified, each using a different approach: constraint-induced movement therapy 64 or force use therapy 65 (see Table SIIa).”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [64]
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Cites
Wolf, S. L., Winstein, C. J., Miller, J. P., Taub, E., Uswatte, G., Morris, D., Giuliani, C., Light, K. E., Nichols-Larsen, D., & EXCITE Investigators, F. T. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.17.2095 · Cited by 1,889
A Working Model of Skill Acquisition with Application to Teaching
Gentile, A. M. (1972) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.1972.10519717 · Cited by 614
Webster, K. E., Wittwer, J. E., & Feller, J. A. (2005) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.10.005 · Cited by 556
Franjoine, M. R., Gunther, J. S., & Taylor, M. J. (2003) · Pediatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/01.pep.0000068117.48023.18 · Cited by 477
Taub, E., Ramey, S. L., DeLuca, S., & Echols, K. (2004) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.113.2.305 · Cited by 460
Dean, C. M., & Shepherd, R. B. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.4.722 · Cited by 414
Regulation of Arm and Leg Movement during Human Locomotion
Zehr, E. P., & Duysens, J. (2004) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858404264680 · Cited by 409
Eliasson, A.-C., Krumlinde-Sundholm, L., Shaw, K., & Wang, C. (2005) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162205000502 · Cited by 328
Menant, J. C., Steele, J. R., Menz, H. B., Munro, B. J., & Lord, S. R. (2008) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.10.057 · Cited by 229
Resonant frequencies of arms and legs identify different walking patterns
WAGENAAR, R. C., & van Emmerik, R. E. A. (2000) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00020-8 · Cited by 208
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Taylor, 1998, Standardized Walking Obstacle Course: preliminary reliability and validity of a functional measurement tool., J Rehabil Outcomes Meas, 2, 15
Cited by
Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Dewar, R., Love, S., & Johnston, L. M. (2015) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.12660 · Cited by 242
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
Figueiredo, P. R. P., da Silva, P. L. P., Avelar, B. S., Chagas, P. S. D. C., Oliveira, L. C. P., & Mancini, M. C. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1590/s1413-35552013005000105 · Cited by 227
Constraint-induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Hoare, B., Wallen, M. A., Thorley, M., Jackman, M., Carey, L. M., & Imms, C. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004149.pub3 · Cited by 209
Clinical tools to assess balance in children and adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Sæther, R., Helbostad, J. L., Riphagen, I. I., & Vik, T. (2013) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.12162 · Cited by 143
Bleyenheuft, Y., Arnould, C., Brandão, M. B., Bleyenheuft, C., & Gordon, A. M. (2014) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968314562109 · Cited by 134
“However, 2 studies have documented carryover to the LE, where some gait variables improve after CIMT.(25,26) These unexpected changes were interpreted as due to better interlimb coordination linked to the tasks (eg, retrieving objects from the floor(26)) or to postural reorganization during walking due to the weight o…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Zipp, G. P., & Winning, S.
- Affiliations
- Seton Hall University (US)
- Venue
- Pediatric Physical Therapy
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-68
- ISSN
- 0898-5669 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031217987
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pediatric Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- constraint-induced movement therapy, cerebral palsy, children, gait, balance, cadence, walking speed, spatiotemporal gait parameters, Pediatric Balance Scale
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Palsy, Child, Child, Preschool, Disability Evaluation, Postural Balance, Exercise Therapy, Female, Gait, Health Status Indicators, Hemiplegia, Humans, Male, Motor Skills, Movement, Movement Disorders, Paresis, Pilot Projects, Statistics as Topic, Statistics, Nonparametric, Physical Therapy Modalities, Mobility Limitation
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Gait, Balance, and Functional Locomotor Mobility. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/pep.0b013e31823e0245
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- Zipp, G. P., & Winning, S. (2012). Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Gait, Balance, and Functional Locomotor Mobility. Pediatric Physical Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1097/pep.0b013e31823e0245
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
