The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Overweight and Obesity Are Associated With Psychiatric Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Data from 41,654 respondents in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were analyzed. RESULTS: After controlling for demographics, the continuous variable of BMI was significantly associated with most mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. When persons were classified into BMI categories of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese, and extremely obese, both obese categories had significantly increased odds of any mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorder, as well as any personality disorder, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.21 to 2.08. Specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-revision IV mood and personality disorders associated with obesity included major depression, dysthmia, and manic episode (ORs, 1.45-2.70) and antisocial, avoidant, schizoid, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (ORs, 1.31-2.55). Compared with normal weight individuals, being moderately overweight was significantly associated with anxiety and some substance use disorders, but not mood or personality disorders. Specific anxiety disorders that occurred at significantly higher rates among all categories of persons exceeding normal weight were generalized anxiety, panic without agoraphobia, and specific phobia (ORs, 1.23-2.60). Being underweight was significantly related to only a few disorders; it was positively related to specific phobia (OR, 1.31) and manic episode (OR, 1.83), and negatively associated with social phobia (OR, 0.60), panic disorder with agoraphobia (OR, 0.40), and avoidant personality disorder (OR, 0.59). CONCLUSION: These data provide a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the association between body weight and psychiatric conditions. Interventions addressing weight loss may benefit from integrating treatment for psychiatric disorders.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Very often these conditions overlap”
From Mobile Apps for the Management of Comorbid Overweight/Obesity and Depression/Anxiety: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“excess body weight is also known to be associated with increased prevalence of mental disorders [6–9]”
From Mobile Apps for the Management of Comorbid Overweight/Obesity and Depression/Anxiety: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001
Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Dietz, W. H., Vinicor, F., Bales, V. S., & Marks, J. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.1.76 · Cited by 5,866
The Disease Burden Associated With Overweight and Obesity
Must, A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1523 · Cited by 4,827
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002.
Hedley, A. A., Ogden, C., Johnson, C. L., Carroll, M., Curtin, L. R., & Flegal, K. (2004) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.291.23.2847 · Cited by 4,670
Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994
Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Kuczmarski, R., & Johnson, C. (1998) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541 · Cited by 3,045
Excess Deaths Associated With Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity
Flegal, K. M. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.15.1861 · Cited by 2,811
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 2,737
Years of Life Lost Due to Obesity
Fontaine, K. R., Redden, D. T., Wang, C., Westfall, A. O., & Allison, D. B. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.2.187 · Cited by 2,551
Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes
American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, & North American Association for the Study of Obesity (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.596 · Cited by 1,554
Association between obesity and psychiatric disorders in the US adult population
Simon, G. E., Von Korff, M., Saunders, K., Miglioretti, D. L., Crane, P. K., van Belle, G., & Kessler, R. C. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.824 · Cited by 1,338
Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders With Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Kaye, W. H., Bulik, C. M., Thornton, L., Barbarich, N., Masters, K., & the Price Foundation Collaborative Group (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2215 · Cited by 1,162 · cited 1×
“Clinical samples (35) find high rates of obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia in patients seeking treatment for anorexia and bulimia.”
BackgroundGrant, B. F., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Chou, P. S., Kay, W., & Pickering, R. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00070-x · Cited by 1,110
Carpenter, K. M., Hasin, D. S., Allison, D. B., & Faith, M. S. (2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.2.251 · Cited by 1,018
Effects of Age on Validity of Self-Reported Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index
KUCZMARSKI, M. F., KUCZMARSKI, R. J., & NAJJAR, M. (2001) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00008-6 · Cited by 965
Body Mass Index and the Prevalence of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia
Brown, C., HIGGINS, M. W., Donato, K. A., Rohde, F. C., Garrison, R. J., Obarzanek, E., Ernst, N. D., & Horan, M. J. (2000) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2000.79 · Cited by 851
Grant, B., Harford, T., Dawson, D., Chou, P., & Pickering, R. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01134-k · Cited by 689
Prospective association between obesity and depression: evidence from the Alameda County Study
Roberts, R. E., Deleger, S., Strawbridge, W. J., & Kaplan, G. A. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802204 · Cited by 674
Are Mood Disorders and Obesity Related? A Review for the Mental Health Professional
McElroy, S. L., Kotwal, R., Malhotra, S., Nelson, E. B., Keck, P. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0507 · Cited by 657
The impact of obesity on psychological well-being
Wardle, J., & Cooke, L. J. (2005) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006 · Cited by 590
Trends in the Association between Obesity and Socioeconomic Status in U.S. Adults: 1971 to 2000
Zhang, Q., & Wang, Y. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.202 · Cited by 447
Paeratakul, S., Lovejoy, J., Ryan, D. H., & Bray, G. A. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802026 · Cited by 385
Hasin, D., Carpenter, K. M., McCloud, S., Smith, M., & Grant, B. F. (1997) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)01332-x · Cited by 369
Mortality and Cardiac and Vascular Outcomes in Extremely Obese Women
McTigue, K. M., Larson, J. C., Valoski, A. M., Burke, G. L., Kotchen, J. M., Lewis, C. E., Stefanick, M. L., Horn, L. V., & Kuller, L. H. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.1.79 · Cited by 361
Anderson, S. E., Cohen, P. R., Naumova, E. N., & Must, A. (2006) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.3.285 · Cited by 288
Prevalence of mental disorder in 88 morbidly obese bariatric clinic patients
Black, D. W., Goldstein, R. B., & Mason, E. E. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.2.227 · Cited by 281
Can self-reported data accurately describe the prevalence of overweight?
Roberts, R. (1995) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(95)80205-3 · Cited by 209
Drinking Patterns and Body Mass Index in Never Smokers: National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2001
Breslow, R. A. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi061 · Cited by 174
Magnusson, P. K. E., Rasmussen, F. E., Lawlor, D. A., Tynelius, P., & Gunnell, D. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj002 · Cited by 156
Personality characteristics in obesity and relationship with successful weight loss
Sullivan, S. A., Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., & Klein, S. (2006) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803464 · Cited by 150
Use of self-report to monitor overweight and obesity in populations: some issues for consideration
Flood, V. M., Webb, K., Lazarus, R. M., & Pang, G. (2000) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb00733.x · Cited by 134
Smoking cessation and weight gain
Froom, P., Melamed, S., & Benbassat, J. (1984) · Journal of Nutrition Education · doi:10.1016/s0022-3182(84)80097-7 · Cited by 119
Comparison of psychosocial status in treatment-seeking women with class III vs. class I–II obesity
Wadden, T. A., Butryn, M. L., Sarwer, D. B., Fabricatore, A. N., Crerand, C. E., Lipschutz, P. E., Faulconbridge, L. F., Raper, S. E., & Williams, N. N. (2006) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2006.03.016 · Cited by 69
National Variations in Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Use
Poulose, B. K., Holzman, M. D., Zhu, Y., Smalley, W. E., Richards, W. O., Wright, J. K., Melvin, W. V., & Griffin, M. R. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.03.022 · Cited by 59
How Much Do You Weigh?: Determinants of Validity of Self-Reported Body Weight
Cash, T. F., Counts, B., Hangen, J., & Huffine, C. E. (1989) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1989.69.1.248 · Cited by 58
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2006) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.06.001 · Cited by 55
Prevalence of Obese Patients in a Primary Care Setting
Stecker, T. A., & Sparks, S. E. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.49 · Cited by 39
The effect of drug abuse on body mass index in Hispanics with and without HIV infection
Forrester, J. E., Tucker, K. L., & Gorbach, S. L. (2005) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2004667 · Cited by 36
Body Mass Index among Japanese Inpatients with Schizophrenia
Kitabayashi, Y., Narumoto, J., Kitabayashi, M., & Fukui, K. (2006) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/3v6l-82au-x663-nwxn · Cited by 18
Is major depressive episode related to anxiety disorders in anorexics and bulimics?
Godart, N. T., Perdereau, F., Curt, F., Rein, Z., Lang, F., Venisse, J. L., Halfon, O., Bizouard, P., Loas, G., Corcos, M., et al. (2006) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.07.001 · Cited by 16
Smoking cessation and weight gain
Alonso, S. A., Lozano, P. V., Reina, S. S., Ruiz, T. L., García-Tenorio, R. S., & Nazar, M. I. (2017) · doi:10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2588 · Cited by 10
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
Femina, D. D., Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90033-p · Cited by 8,820
DE HERT, M., CORRELL, C. U., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., COHEN, D., ASAI, I., DETRAUX, J., GAUTAM, S., MÖLLER, H., NDETEI, D. M., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x · Cited by 2,488
Pi-Sunyer, X. (2009) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2009.11.2074 · Cited by 1,025
Pi-Sunyer, X. (2002) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf03342140 · Cited by 828
Gariepy, G., Nitka, D., & Schmitz, N. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.252 · Cited by 753
Metadata
- Authors
- Petry, N. M., Barry, D., Pietrzak, R. H., & Wagner, J. A.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Petry, Nancy M.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 288-297
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031425628
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 40.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50aa003510-27)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50- AA03510)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060417, R01 MH60417)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA014618, R01-DA14618, R01-DA13444, R01DA018883, P50DA009241, R01DA016855, P50-DA-0-9241, R01DA013444)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- obesity, overweight, body mass index, mental illness, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, alcoholism, substance use disorders, major depressive disorder, manic episodes, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, antisocial personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, underweight, weight loss interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Personality Disorders, Phobic Disorders, Thinness, United States, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Overweight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
