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Low Calorie Dieting Increases Cortisol
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that dieting, or the restriction of caloric intake, is ineffective because it increases chronic psychological stress and cortisol production--two factors that are known to cause weight gain; and to examine the respective roles of the two main behaviors that comprise dieting--monitoring one's caloric intake and restricting one's caloric intake--on psychological and biological stress indicators. METHODS: In a 2 (monitoring vs. not) x 2 (restricting vs. not) fully crossed, controlled experiment, 121 female participants were assigned randomly to one of four dietary interventions for 3 weeks. The monitoring + restricting condition tracked their caloric intake and restricted their caloric intake (1200 kcal/day); the monitoring only condition tracked their caloric intake but ate normally; the restricting only condition was provided 1200 kcal/day of food but did not track their calories, and the control group ate normally and did not track their intake. Before and after the interventions, participants completed measures of perceived stress and 2 days of diurnal saliva sampling to test for cortisol. RESULTS: Restricting calories increased the total output of cortisol, and monitoring calories increased perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: Dieting may be deleterious to psychological well-being and biological functioning, and changes in clinical recommendations may be in order.
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“A dieting intervention on 121 females which included monitoring and restricting showed that monitoring increases perceived stress, while restricting increases the cortisol output [198].”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [198]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tomiyama, A. J., Mann, T., Vinas, D., Hunger, J. M., DeJager, J., & Taylor, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tomiyama, A. Janet
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 357-364
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2895000
- OpenAlex
- W2145131058
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 11.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG 030309, R01AG030309)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL088887, R01HL088887)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH15750-29, R01MH063795, MH63795, T32MH015750)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- dieting, caloric restriction, cortisol, psychological stress, perceived stress, dietary monitoring, weight loss, diurnal cortisol, female participants, stress hormones
- MeSH terms
- Energy Intake, Circadian Rhythm, Diet, Reducing, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Nutritional Requirements, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Wakefulness, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Caloric Restriction
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