Cited by 74HIV/AIDS drug development and treatmentHIV Research and TreatmentHepatitis C virus research

Full-length HIV-1 Gag determines protease inhibitor susceptibility within in-vitro assays

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Gupta, Ravindra K, Kohli, Arinder, McCormick, Adele L, Towers, Greg J, Pillay, Deenan, Parry, Chris M·2010·AIDS

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that gag contributes to protease inhibitor susceptibility in treatment-experienced patients. Moreover, protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations can arise in gag in the absence of protease mutations in vitro. We wished to assess the contribution of full-length Gag to protease inhibitor susceptibility in viruses unexposed to protease inhibitors, in particular from the most common HIV-1 subtypes, namely subtype A and C. DESIGN: We compared the drug resistance profiles of subtype A and C cognate gag-protease (from viruses not previously exposed to protease inhibitor) to protease combined with a generic subtype B gag as in routine phenotypic testing. METHODS: We amplified gag-protease sequences from plasma-derived virus or molecular clones, and used a single cycle transfection-based drug resistance assay to compare the fold changes in the concentration of drug required to inhibit 50% of viral replication of these viruses to a generic subtype B. We made a series of chimeras to explore phenotypes further. RESULTS: In some cases, use of protease sequences without the cognate gag overestimated susceptibility to protease inhibitors, in particular to lopinavir. We provide evidence that gag sequences from wild-type viruses can contribute as much as 14-fold reduction in susceptibility to lopinavir, and that cognate protease can balance this by partially restoring susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering protease inhibitor susceptibility in the context of full-length gag, particularly with respect to the range of HIV-1 subtypes circulating worldwide.

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Authors
Gupta, R. K., Kohli, A., McCormick, A. L., Towers, G. J., Pillay, D., & Parry, C. M.
Affiliations
  • University College London (GB)
  • Health Protection Agency (GB)
Corresponding author
Pillay, Deenan
Venue
AIDS
Published
2010-07-17
Volume
24
Issue
11
Pages
1651-1655
ISSN
0269-9370 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2049673515
Cited by
71
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
FWCI
4.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • AIDS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • WestminsterResearch (University of Westminster) (acceptedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (WT081772MA, 076608, 87743, 081772)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
Keywords
HIV-1 Gag, protease inhibitor resistance, lopinavir, HIV-1 subtype A, HIV-1 subtype C, subtype B, drug resistance testing, HIV-1 subtypes
MeSH terms
Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Pyrimidinones, Virus Replication, HIV-1, Genes, gag, HIV Protease, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Drug Resistance, Viral, Lopinavir

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