Wearable Sensor Technology Efficacy in Peripheral Vascular Disease (wSTEP): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of using wearable activity monitors (WAMs) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC) within a single-center randomized controlled trial. Background: WAMs allow users to set daily activity targets and monitor their progress. They may offer an alternative treatment to supervised exercise programs (SEPs) for patients with IC. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with IC were recruited and randomized into intervention or control group. The intervention consisted of a feedback-enabled, wrist-worn activity monitor (WAM) in addition to access to SEP. The control group was given access to SEP only. The outcome measures were maximum walking distance (MWD), claudication distance (CD), and quality of life as measured by the VascuQol questionnaire. Participants were assessed upon recruitment, and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Patients in the WAM group showed significant improvement in MWD at 3 and 6 months (80–112 m, to 178 m; P < 0.001), which was sustained at 12 months. The WAM group also increased CD (40 vs 110 m; P < 0.001) and VascuQol score (4.7 vs 5.8; P = 0.004). The control group saw a temporary increase in VascuQol score at 6 months (4.5 vs 4.7; P = 0.028), but no other improvements in MWD or CD were observed. Significantly higher improvements in MWD were seen in the WAM group compared with that in the control group at 6 months (82 vs −5 m; P = 0.009, r = 0.47) and 12 months (69 vs 7.5 m; P = 0.011, r = 0.52). Conclusions: The study demonstrates the significant, sustained benefit of WAM-led technologies for patients with IC. This potentially resource-sparing intervention is likely to provide a valuable adjunct or alternative to SEP.
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In a pilot study of 37 patients with peripheral vascular disease, a feedback-enabled Nike FuelBand plus supervised exercise programme significantly increased maximum walking distance compared with supervised exercise alone, sustained over 12 months.
“The study showed significant increases in maximum walking distance, claudication distance and quality of life, sustained over 12 months, in the intervention group compared with the control group87.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
In a pilot study of 37 patients with peripheral vascular disease, a feedback-enabled Nike FuelBand plus supervised exercise programme significantly increased quality of life compared with supervised exercise alone, sustained over 12 months.
“The study showed significant increases in maximum walking distance, claudication distance and quality of life, sustained over 12 months, in the intervention group compared with the control group87.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
In a pilot study of 37 patients with peripheral vascular disease, a feedback-enabled Nike FuelBand plus supervised exercise programme significantly increased claudication distance compared with supervised exercise alone, sustained over 12 months.
“The study showed significant increases in maximum walking distance, claudication distance and quality of life, sustained over 12 months, in the intervention group compared with the control group87.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Normahani, P., Kwasnicki, R., Bicknell, C., Allen, L., Jenkins, M. P., Gibbs, R., Cheshire, N., Darzi, A., & Riga, C.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Normahani, Pasha
- Bicknell, Colin
- Allen, Louise
- Jenkins, Mike P.
- Gibbs, Richard
- Riga, Celia
- Venue
- Annals of Surgery
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 268
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1113-1118
- ISSN
- 0003-4932 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1140
- OpenAlex
- W2613024987
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2016-21-012, NF-SI-0510-10186, NF-SI-0617-10038)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- wearable activity trackers, intermittent claudication, peripheral arterial disease, supervised exercise, maximum walking distance, claudication distance, quality of life, wrist-worn sensors, exercise therapy
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Intermittent Claudication, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome
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