Multicenter Analysis of Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leakage After Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Excision: The Korean Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group

Abstract

In Brief Objective: To assess the risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Background: Little data are available about risk factors for AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer resection. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1609 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer with sphincter preservation. Clinical data related to AL were collected from 11 institutions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for AL. Results: AL was noted in 101 (6.3%) of the patients. The leakage rate ranged from 2.0% to 10.3% for each hospital (P = 0.04). In patients without protective stomas (n = 1187), male sex [hazard ratio (HR), 3.468], advanced tumor stage (HR, 2.520), lower tumor level (HR, 2.418), preoperative chemoradiation (HR, 6.284), perioperative transfusion (HR, 10.705), and multiple firings of the linear stapler (HR, 6.181) were significantly associated with AL. Our theoretical model suggested that the HR for patients with 2 risk factors was significantly higher than that the HR for patients with no or only 1 risk factor. Conclusions: Male sex, low anastomosis, preoperative chemoradiation, advanced tumor stage, perioperative bleeding, and multiple firings of the linear stapler increased the risk of AL after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. A diverting stoma might be mandatory in patients with 2 or more of the risk factors identified in this analysis. Data are lacking regarding the impact of patient and tumor characteristics on anastomotic dehiscence after laparoscopic rectal excision. In this retrospective analysis of multicenter results, male sex, low-lying rectal tumor, preoperative chemoradiation, perioperative bleeding, and multiple firings of the linear stapler increased the anastomotic leakage risk after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. A diverting stoma might be mandatory in patients with 2 or more risk factors identified in this analysis.