The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Died of Wounds on the Battlefield: Causation and Implications for Improving Combat Casualty Care
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Understanding the epidemiology of death after battlefield injury is vital to combat casualty care performance improvement. The current analysis was undertaken to develop a comprehensive perspective of deaths that occurred after casualties reached a medical treatment facility. METHODS: Battle injury died of wounds (DOW) deaths that occurred after casualties reached a medical treatment facility from October 2001 to June 2009 were evaluated by reviewing autopsy and other postmortem records at the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiners (OAFME). A panel of military trauma experts classified the injuries as nonsurvivable (NS) or potentially survivable (PS), in consultation with an OAFME forensic pathologist. Data including demographics, mechanism of injury, physiologic and laboratory variables, and cause of death were obtained from the Joint Theater Trauma Registry and the OAFME Mortality Trauma Registry. RESULTS: DOW casualties (n = 558) accounted for 4.56% of the nonreturn to duty battle injuries over the study period. DOW casualties were classified as NS in 271 (48.6%) cases and PS in 287 (51.4%) cases. Traumatic brain injury was the predominant injury leading to death in 225 of 271 (83%) NS cases, whereas hemorrhage from major trauma was the predominant mechanism of death in 230 of 287 (80%) PS cases. In the hemorrhage mechanism PS cases, the major body region bleeding focus accounting for mortality were torso (48%), extremity (31%), and junctional (neck, axilla, and groin) (21%). Fifty-one percent of DOW casualties presented in extremis with cardiopulmonary resuscitation upon presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhage is a major mechanism of death in PS combat injuries, underscoring the necessity for initiatives to mitigate bleeding, particularly in the prehospital environment.
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Borgman, M. A., Spinella, P. C., Perkins, J. G., Grathwohl, K. W., Repine, T., Beekley, A. C., Sebesta, J., Jenkins, D., Wade, C. E., & Holcomb, J. B. (2007) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181271ba3 · Cited by 1,582
Self-citationDamage Control Resuscitation: Directly Addressing the Early Coagulopathy of Trauma
Holcomb, J. B., Jenkins, D., Rhee, P., Johannigman, J., Mahoney, P., Mehta, S., Cox, E. D., Gehrke, M. J., Beilman, G. J., Schreiber, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3180324124 · Cited by 1,370
Self-citationThe Causes of Death in Conventional Land Warfare: Implications for Combat Casualty Care Research
Bellamy, R. F. (1984) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/149.2.55 · Cited by 732
Causes of Death in U.S. Special Operations Forces in the Global War on Terrorism: 2001–2004
Holcomb, J. B., McMullin, N. R., Pearse, L., Caruso, J., Wade, C. E., Oetjen-Gerdes, L., Champion, H. R., Lawnick, M., Farr, W., Rodriguez, S., et al. (2007) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000259433.03754.98 · Cited by 706
Self-citationTrunkey, D. D. (1983) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0883-28 · Cited by 669
Survival With Emergency Tourniquet Use to Stop Bleeding in Major Limb Trauma
Kragh, J. F., Walters, T. J., Baer, D. G., Fox, C. J., Wade, C. E., Salinas, J., & Holcomb, J. B. (2009) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e31818842ba · Cited by 626
Self-citationKelly, J. F., Ritenour, A. E., McLaughlin, D. F., Bagg, K. A., Apodaca, A. N., Mallak, C. T., Pearse, L., Lawnick, M. M., Champion, H. R., Wade, C. E., et al. (2008) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e318160b9fb · Cited by 610
Self-citationAcosta, J. A., Yang, J. C., Winchell, R. J., Simons, R. K., Fortlage, D. A., Hollingsworth-Fridlund, P., & Hoyt, D. B. (1998) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(98)00082-9 · Cited by 543
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Cited by
Death on the battlefield (2001–2011): Implications for the future of combat casualty care
Eastridge, B. J., Mabry, R. L., Seguin, P., Cantrell, J., Tops, T., Uribe, P., Mallett, O., Zubko, T., Oetjen-Gerdes, L., Rasmussen, T. E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3182755dcc · Cited by 1,743
Self-citationGonzalez, E., Moore, E. E., Moore, H. B., Chapman, M. P., Chin, T. L., Ghasabyan, A., Wohlauer, M. V., Barnett, C. C., Bensard, D. D., Biffl, W. L., et al. (2016) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000001608 · Cited by 641
Mussel-inspired nanoparticle composite hydrogels for hemostasis and wound healing
Cui, G., Guo, X., Su, P., Zhang, T., Guan, J., & Wang, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2023.1154788 · Cited by 26
Reichenbach, M., Frederick, T., Cubrich, L., Bircher, W., Bills, N., Morien, M., Farritor, S., & Oleynikov, D. (2017) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-16-00176 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Eastridge, B. J., Hardin, M., Cantrell, J., Oetjen-Gerdes, L., Zubko, T., Mallak, C., Wade, C. E., Simmons, J., Mace, J., Mabry, R., Bolenbaucher, R., & Blackbourne, L. H.
- Venue
- Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- S4-S8
- ISSN
- 0022-5282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117661477
- Cited by
- 526
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 31.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Eastridge, B. J., Hardin, M., Cantrell, J., Oetjen-Gerdes, L., Zubko, T., Mallak, C., Wade, C. E., Simmons, J., Mace, J., Mabry, R., Bolenbaucher, R., & Blackbourne, L. H. (2011). Died of Wounds on the Battlefield: Causation and Implications for Improving Combat Casualty Care. Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318221147b
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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