Heart Rate After Cardiac Transplantation—Lessons From the Tortoise and the Shrew
Abstract
There is a striking consistency in the total number of heart beats accrued over a lifetime across a range of animal species despite vast differences in size. Moreover, an inverse relationship is observed between heart rate and lifespan, leading to speculation that elevated heart rate could significantly affect longevity. It is the aim of this review to analyze heart rate as a contributing factor in defining the functional lifespan of the transplanted human heart, which may unavoidably determine the longevity of the recipient. Sinus tachycardia occurs as a result of sympathetic/parasympathetic denervation, an unavoidable consequence of transplantation. The effect of elevated heart rate in this cohort has been scarcely reported. We highlight herein multitudinous mechanisms whereby elevated heart rate accelerates the deterioration in cardiac function and arterial elasticity due to injury and stress accumulation. Additionally, we propose a significant role for heart rate in confounding the alloimmune response. Tachycardia exacerbates injurious episodes of myocardial ischemia and significantly increases the production of reactive oxygen species via increased metabolism. These factors promote immune infiltration and activation, contributing to acute and chronic rejection. Further research is required to assess the potential therapeutic benefits of heart rate reduction.
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Chemical and surgical denervation unmask the intrinsic rate of the sinus node, resulting in an increase in the resting heart rate to around 90 bpm and above.
“Chemical and surgical denervation unmask the intrinsic rate of the sinus node, resulting in an increase in the resting heart rate to around 90 bpm and above 16–19.”
From Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Critchley, W. R., Yonan, N., Shaw, S. M., & Fildes, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Wythenshawe Hospital (GB)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Critchley, William R.
- Venue
- Transplantation Journal
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 259-265
- ISSN
- 0041-1337 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2126288646
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Transplantation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Keywords
- heart rate, heart transplantation, heart failure, lifespan, sinus tachycardia, sympathetic denervation, parasympathetic denervation, myocardial ischemia, reactive oxygen species, alloimmunity, acute rejection, chronic rejection, arterial stiffness, heart rate reduction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Energy Metabolism, Graft Rejection, Graft Survival, Heart Rate, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Myocardial Contraction, Oxygen Consumption, Shrews, Tachycardia, Turtles, Heart Transplantation, Oxidative Stress, Vascular Stiffness
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