The DOI matches its Crossref record; 108 of the 108 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Combined neuromodulatory approaches in the central nervous system for treatment of spinal cord injury
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of review: To report progress in neuromodulation following spinal cord injury (SCI) using combined brain and spinal neuromodulation. Neuromodulation refers to alterations in neuronal activity for therapeutic purposes. Beneficial effects are established in disease states such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), chronic pain, epilepsy, and SCI. The repertoire of neuromodulation and bioelectric medicine is rapidly expanding. After SCI, cohort studies have reported the benefits of epidural stimulation (ES) combined with training. Recently, we have explored combining ES with deep brain stimulation (DBS) to increase activation of descending motor systems to address limitations of ES in severe SCI. In this review, we describe the types of applied neuromodulation that could be combined in SCI to amplify efficacy to enable movement. These include ES, mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) - DBS, noninvasive transcutaneous stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, paired-pulse paradigms, and neuromodulatory drugs. We examine immediate and longer-term effects and what is known about: (1) induced neuroplastic changes, (2) potential safety concerns; (3) relevant outcome measures; (4) optimization of stimulation; (5) therapeutic limitations and prospects to overcome these. Recent findings: DBS of the mesencephalic locomotor region is emerging as a potential clinical target to amplify supraspinal command circuits for locomotion. Summary: Combinations of neuromodulatory methods may have additive value for restoration of function after spinal cord injury.
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“This cooperation probably plays an essential role in the reorganization of neuronal pathways that mediate neurological recovery in response to neurorehabilitation with the BSI.”
From Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
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Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications
Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O'Brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., Rumsey, J. M., Hicks, R., Cameron, J., Chen, D., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr039 · Cited by 1,259
Harkema, S., Gerasimenko, Y., Hodes, J., Burdick, J., Angeli, C., Chen, Y., Ferreira, C., Willhite, A., Rejc, E., Grossman, R. G., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60547-3 · Cited by 1,229
Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease
Benabid, A. L. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2003.11.001 · Cited by 1,047
Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance
(2013) · Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1179/1079026813z.000000000136 · Cited by 900
Translational principles of deep brain stimulation
Kringelbach, M. L., Jenkinson, N., Owen, S. L. F., & Aziz, T. Z. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2196 · Cited by 853
Stefani, A., Lozano, A. M., Peppe, A., Stanzione, P., Galati, S., Tropepi, D., Pierantozzi, M., Brusa, L., Scarnati, E., & Mazzone, P. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl346 · Cited by 805
[Control of walking and running by means of electric stimulation of the midbrain].
Shik, M. L., Fv, S., & Gn, O. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 760
Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input
Courtine, G., Gerasimenko, Y., van den Brand, R., Yew, A., Musienko, P., Zhong, H., Song, B., Ao, Y., Ichiyama, R. M., Lavrov, I., et al. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2401 · Cited by 706
Recovery of Over-Ground Walking after Chronic Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury
Angeli, C. A., Boakye, M., Morton, R. A., Vogt, J., Benton, K., Chen, Y., Ferreira, C. K., & Harkema, S. J. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1803588 · Cited by 670
Gill, M. L., Grahn, P. J., Calvert, J. S., Linde, M. B., Lavrov, I. A., Strommen, J. A., Beck, L. A., Sayenko, D. G., Van Straaten, M. G., Drubach, D. I., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0175-7 · Cited by 574 · cited 1×
“In addition to extensive task-specific (stepping and standing) training, the efficacy of ES was enhanced using an interleaved stimulation protocol [57] (independently controlled stimulation at 20 Hz applied”
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- Orlovsky, 1970, Connexions of the reticulo spinal neurons with the ‘locomotor sections’ of the brainstem, Biophysics, 15, 178
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Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface
Lorach, H., Galvez, A., Spagnolo, V., Martel, F., Karakas, S., Intering, N., Vat, M., Faivre, O., Harte, C., Komi, S., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06094-5 · Cited by 631
“These results suggest that establishing a continuous link between the brain and spinal cord promotes the reorganization of residual neuronal pathways that link these two regions under normal physiological conditions 38–41 .”
BackgroundRyczko, D. (2024) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584221139136 · Cited by 31
Metadata
- Authors
- Noga, B. R., & Guest, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Noga, Brian R.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurology
- Published
- 2021-09-29
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 804-811
- ISSN
- 1350-7540 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-6551
- PMC
- PMC8595808
- OpenAlex
- W3203430713
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS115185, R01NS089972)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- spinal cord injury, neuromodulation, epidural stimulation, deep brain stimulation, mesencephalic locomotor region, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, paired-pulse stimulation, neuroplasticity, locomotor recovery
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Humans, Locomotion, Neuronal Plasticity, Spinal Cord, Spinal Cord Injuries, Deep Brain Stimulation
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