The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why now? Moving from stroke risk factors to stroke triggers
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: While chronic risk factors for stroke are reasonably well understood, the acute precipitants, or triggers, of stroke, remain relatively understudied. RECENT FINDINGS: Several converging lines of evidence indicate that transient perturbations in systemic metabolism may provoke the onset of cardiovascular events, including stroke. Epidemiologic data, including studies utilizing novel designs that consider intraindividual differences across different time periods, have been used to clarify triggers for myocardial ischemia, and these methods are beginning to be employed in stroke research. Acute infections, particularly upper respiratory infections, and other inflammatory stimuli have emerged as important triggers of acute ischemic stroke. The mechanisms involved include immunologically mediated activation of platelets and endothelial dysfunction. There also appears to be a period of time, or 'stroke-prone state', characterized by diffuse activation of the vasculature during which patients may be at increased risk of initial and recurrent ischemic events. SUMMARY: Confirmation of these findings in further studies may help elucidate the mechanisms behind this short-term increase in stroke risk. Improved methods of assessment of this period of heightened susceptibility could lead to more temporally focused preventive interventions.
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“A considerable amount of evidence indicates that especially respiratory-related infection is an independent risk factor for acute cerebrovascular disease (Elkind, 2007, Warren-Gash et al., 2018).”
From Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses (2020) · cites this paper as Elkind, 2007
Citations
Cites
Benefit of Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Symptomatic Moderate or Severe Stenosis
Barnett, H. J. M., Taylor, D. W., Eliasziw, M., Fox, A. J., Ferguson, G. G., Haynes, R. B., Rankin, R. N., Clagett, G. P., Hachinski, V., Sackett, D. L., et al. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199811123392002 · Cited by 3,596
Neurohumoral Features of Myocardial Stunning Due to Sudden Emotional Stress
Wittstein, I. S., Thiemann, D. R., Lima, J. A. C., Baughman, K. L., Schulman, S. P., Gerstenblith, G., Wu, K. C., Rade, J. J., Bivalacqua, T. J., & Champion, H. C. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043046 · Cited by 3,108
From Vulnerable Plaque to Vulnerable Patient
Naghavi, M., Libby, P., Falk, E., Casscells, S. W., Litovsky, S. H., Rumberger, J. A., Badimón, J. J., Stefanadis, C., Moreno, P., Pasterkamp, G., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000087481.55887.c9 · Cited by 2,679
From Vulnerable Plaque to Vulnerable Patient
Naghavi, M., Libby, P., Falk, E., Casscells, S. W., Litovsky, S. H., Rumberger, J. A., Badimón, J. J., Stefanadis, C., Moreno, P., Pasterkamp, G., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000087480.94275.97 · Cited by 2,298
Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke after Acute Infection or Vaccination
Smeeth, L. L., Thomas, S. L., Hall, A. J., Hubbard, R., Farrington, P., & Vallance, P. J. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa041747 · Cited by 1,375
Short-term Prognosis After Emergency Department Diagnosis of TIA
Johnston, S. C. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.22.2901 · Cited by 1,296
Multiple Complex Coronary Plaques in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Goldstein, J. A., Demetriou, D., Grines, C. L., Pica, M. C., Shoukfeh, M., & O’Neill, W. W. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200009283431303 · Cited by 1,025
Widespread Coronary Inflammation in Unstable Angina
Buffon, A., Biasucci, L. M., Liuzzo, G., d’Onofrio, G., Crea, F., & Maseri, A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012295 · Cited by 917
Should We Use a Case-Crossover Design?
Maclure, M., & Mittleman, M. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.193 · Cited by 761
Phenylpropanolamine and the Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Kernan, W. N., Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., Broderick, J. P., Brott, T. G., Feldmann, E. G., Morgenstern, L. B., Wilterdink, J. L., & Horwitz, R. I. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200012213432501 · Cited by 746
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses
Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Duan, J., Hashimoto, K., Yang, L., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 · Cited by 2,046
Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention
Boehme, A. K., Esenwa, C., & Elkind, M. S. V. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308398 · Cited by 1,952
The Science of Stroke: Mechanisms in Search of Treatments
Moskowitz, M. A., Lo, E. H., & Iadecola, C. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.07.002 · Cited by 1,930
Acute ischaemic stroke and infection: recent and emerging concepts
Emsley, H. C. A., & Hopkins, S. J. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70061-9 · Cited by 419
Yachou, Y., Idrissi, A. E., Belapasov, V., & BenAli, S. A. (2020) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04575-3 · Cited by 386
Metadata
- Authors
- Elkind, M. S.
- Affiliations
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Elkind, Mitchell SV
- ORCID
- Elkind, Mitchell SV
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurology
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-57
- ISSN
- 1350-7540 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011140183
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K23 NS42912, K23NS042912, R01NS048134, R01NS48134)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Neurological and metabolic disorders
- Keywords
- acute ischemic stroke, systemic metabolism, acute infection, upper respiratory tract infection, inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, within-person variability, stroke prevention
- MeSH terms
- Blood Platelets, Cerebral Arteries, Humans, Infections, Influenza, Human, Risk Factors, Vasculitis, Comorbidity, Stroke, Endothelial Cells
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