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Neural stem cell transplantation in central nervous system disorders: from cell replacement to neuroprotection
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Transplantation of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy in almost all neurological disorders characterized by the failure of central nervous system (CNS) endogenous repair mechanisms in restoring the tissue damage and rescuing the lost function. Nevertheless, recent evidence consistently challenges the limited view that transplantation of these cells is solely aimed at protecting the CNS from inflammatory and neurodegenerative damage through cell replacement. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent preclinical data confirmed that transplanted NPCs may also exert a 'bystander' neuroprotective effect and identified a series of molecules - for example, immunomodulatory substances, neurotrophic growth factors, stem cell regulators as well as guidance molecules - whose in-situ secretion by NPCs is temporally and spatially orchestrated by environmental needs. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms sustaining this 'therapeutic plasticity' is of pivotal importance for defining crucial aspects of the bench-to-beside translation of neural stem cell therapy, that is route and timing of administration as well as the best cellular source. Further insight into those latter issues is eagerly expected from the ongoing phase I/II clinical trials, while, on the other hand, new cellular sources are being developed, mainly by exploiting the new possibilities offered by cellular reprogramming. SUMMARY: Nowadays, the research on NPC transplantation in neurological disorders is advancing on two different fronts: on one hand, recent preclinical data are uncovering the molecular basis of NPC therapeutic plasticity, offering a more solid rational framework for the design of clinical studies. On the other hand, pilot trials are highlighting the safety and feasibility issues of neural stem cell transplantation that need to be addressed before efficacy could be properly evaluated.
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Metadata
- Authors
- De Feo, D., Merlini, A., Laterza, C., & Martino, G.
- Affiliations
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Martino, Gianvito
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurology
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 322-333
- ISSN
- 1350-7540 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056328978
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Keywords
- neural stem cell transplantation, neural progenitor cells, central nervous system disorders, immunomodulation, neurotrophic factors, guidance molecules, cellular reprogramming, clinical translation, feasibility and safety, neurodegeneration, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Central Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Neuroprotective Agents, Stem Cell Transplantation, Neural Stem Cells
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