Cited by 1,057Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyDelphi Technique in Research

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Fixed or random effects meta-analysis? Common methodological issues in systematic reviews of effectiveness

Tufanaru, Catalin, Munn, Zachary, Stephenson, Matthew, Aromataris, Edoardo·2015·International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare

DOI 10.1097/xeb.0000000000000065

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Abstract

Systematic review aims to systematically identify, critically appraise, and summarize all relevant studies that match predefined criteria and answer predefined questions. The most common type of systematic review is that assessing the effectiveness of an intervention or therapy. In this article, we discuss some of the common methodological issues that arise when conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of effectiveness data, including issues related to study designs, meta-analysis, and the use and interpretation of effect sizes.

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Additional file 4 of Changes in glycaemic control of oral anti-diabetic medications assessed by continuous glucose monitors among patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol of network meta-analysis
Zheng, M., Khoja, A., Patel, A., Luo, Y., He, Q., Zhao, X., Yang, S., Hu, P., & Lin, W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19977306
Additional file 1 of Effect of nanoparticles on gouty arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Additional file 1 of COVID-19 antibody responses in individuals with natural immunity and with vaccination-induced immunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Additional file 4 of Comparing effects of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) amongst adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol
Zheng, M., Luo, Y., Lin, W., Khoja, A., He, Q., Yang, S., Zhao, X., & Hu, P. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12402464
Additional file 2 of Utilization of provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Atlaw, D., Sahiledengle, B., Degno, S., Mamo, A., Gudisa, Z., Zenbaba, D., Shiferaw, Z., & Gezahegn, H. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19613641
Additional file 2 of The effectiveness of trauma care systems at different stages of development in reducing mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alharbi, R. J., Shrestha, S., Lewis, V., & Miller, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14978593
Additional file 3 of Comparing effects of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) amongst adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol
Zheng, M., Luo, Y., Lin, W., Khoja, A., He, Q., Yang, S., Zhao, X., & Hu, P. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12402455
Additional file 2 of A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies examining synaptic density in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders
Husain, M. O., Jones, B. D. M., Arshad, U., Ameis, S. H., Mirfallah, G., Schifani, C., Rodak, T., Aiken, M., Shafique, M., Ahmed, F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26066220
Additional file 2 of Changes in glycaemic control of oral anti-diabetic medications assessed by continuous glucose monitors among patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol of network meta-analysis
Zheng, M., Khoja, A., Patel, A., Luo, Y., He, Q., Zhao, X., Yang, S., Hu, P., & Lin, W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19977300
Additional file 1 of Efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive therapy combined with eltrombopag for severe aplastic anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Additional file 1 of Utilization of provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Atlaw, D., Sahiledengle, B., Degno, S., Mamo, A., Gudisa, Z., Zenbaba, D., Shiferaw, Z., & Gezahegn, H. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19613638
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Additional file 2 of Efficacy and safety of atogepant, a small molecule CGRP receptor antagonist, for the preventive treatment of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hou, M., Luo, X., He, S., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., Jin, M., Zhang, P., Li, Y., Bi, X., Li, J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26340160
Additional file 1 of Efficacy and safety of atogepant, a small molecule CGRP receptor antagonist, for the preventive treatment of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hou, M., Luo, X., He, S., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., Jin, M., Zhang, P., Li, Y., Bi, X., Li, J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26339933
Additional file 3 of Changes in glycaemic control of oral anti-diabetic medications assessed by continuous glucose monitors among patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol of network meta-analysis
Zheng, M., Khoja, A., Patel, A., Luo, Y., He, Q., Zhao, X., Yang, S., Hu, P., & Lin, W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19977303
Additional file 1 of Predictors of lost to follow up from antiretroviral therapy among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kebede, H. K., Mwanri, L., Ward, P., & Gesesew, H. A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14253389
Additional file 1 of The association between the triglyceride-glucose index and in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiang, H., liu, Y., Guo, H., Liu, Z., & Li, Z. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25749912
Additional file 2 of Effect of nanoparticles on gouty arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhu, R., Niu, Y., Zhou, W., Wang, S., Mao, J., Guo, Y., Lei, Y., Xiong, X., Li, Y., & Guo, L. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22608619
Additional file 1 of Effect of anesthesia on the success rate of external cephalic version: GRADE- assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Lei, L., Fang, Z., Xu, C., Wang, Z., Li, H., & Ma, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26755948
Additional file 3 of A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies examining synaptic density in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders
Husain, M. O., Jones, B., Arshad, U., Ameis, S. H., Mirfallah, G., Schifani, C., Rodak, T., Aiken, M., Shafique, M., Ahmed, F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26736453
Additional file 1 of Short-term efficacy and safety of lasmiditan, a novel 5-HT1F receptor agonist, for the acute treatment of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hou, M., Xing, H., Li, C., Wang, X., Deng, D., Li, J., Zhang, P., & Chen, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12441512
Additional file 1 of Comparing effects of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) amongst adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol
Zheng, M., Luo, Y., Lin, W., Khoja, A., He, Q., Yang, S., Zhao, X., & Hu, P. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12402443
Additional file 1 of Changes in glycaemic control of oral anti-diabetic medications assessed by continuous glucose monitors among patients with type 2 diabetes: a protocol of network meta-analysis
Zheng, M., Khoja, A., Patel, A., Luo, Y., He, Q., Zhao, X., Yang, S., Hu, P., & Lin, W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19977297
Additional file 6 of Comparing effects of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) amongst adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol
Zheng, M., Luo, Y., Lin, W., Khoja, A., He, Q., Yang, S., Zhao, X., & Hu, P. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12402479
Additional file 1 of A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies examining synaptic density in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders
Husain, M. O., Jones, B., Arshad, U., Ameis, S. H., Mirfallah, G., Schifani, C., Rodak, T., Aiken, M., Shafique, M., Ahmed, F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26066140
Additional file 2 of Effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments to reduce psychophysiology responses of dental anxiety and support positive behaviours in children and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Reynolds, K., Chimoriya, R., Chandio, N., Tracey, D., Pradhan, A., Fahey, P., Stormon, N., & Arora, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24406877
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments to reduce psychophysiology responses of dental anxiety and support positive behaviours in children and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Reynolds, K., Chimoriya, R., Chandio, N., Tracey, D., Pradhan, A., Fahey, P., Stormon, N., & Arora, A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24406660
Additional file 2 of Effect of anesthesia on the success rate of external cephalic version: GRADE- assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Lei, L., Fang, Z., Xu, C., Wang, Z., Li, H., & Ma, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26755951
Additional file 1 of Association between removable prosthesis-wearing and pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lim, T. W., Li, K. Y., Burrow, M. F., & McGrath, C. P. J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27000816

Authors: Tufanaru, C., Munn, Z., Stephenson, M., & Aromataris, E.
Affiliations: The University of Adelaide (AU)
ORCID: Munn, Zachary
Stephenson, Matthew
Aromataris, Edoardo
Venue: International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2015-09
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: 196-207
ISSN: 1744-1595 (ISSN-L)
1744-1609
DOI: 10.1097/xeb.0000000000000065
OpenAlex: W2180006680
Cited by: 1,057
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 77 · 2025: 151 · 2024: 204 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 157 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 4.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
Keywords: fixed-effects meta-analysis, random-effects meta-analysis, systematic review methodology, intervention effectiveness, effect size, research design
MeSH terms: Humans, Research Design, Review Literature as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Odds Ratio, Guidelines as Topic, Cross-Over Studies, Evidence-Based Medicine, Observational Studies as Topic

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