Cortisol, callous-unemotional traits, and pathways to antisocial behavior

The neurobiology of stress and development.

Gunnar, M., & Quevedo, K. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085605 · Cited by 2,011

Development and Preliminary Validation of a Self-Report Measure of Psychopathic Personality Traits in Noncriminal Population

Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_3 · Cited by 1,435

Research review: the importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior

Frick, P. J., & White, S. F. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x · Cited by 1,290

Child Maltreatment

Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144029 · Cited by 861

Reduced Amygdala Response to Fearful Expressions in Children and Adolescents With Callous-Unemotional Traits and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Marsh, A. A., Finger, E. C., Mitchell, D. G. V., Reid, M. E., Sims, C., Kosson, D. S., Towbin, K. E., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., & Blair, R. J. R. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07071145 · Cited by 852

Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review

Raine, A. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1015754122318 · Cited by 824

Temperament and Developmental Pathways to Conduct Problems

Frick, P. J., & Morris, A. S. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3301_6 · Cited by 824

Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7‐year‐olds

Viding, E. M., Blair, J., Moffitt, T. E., & Plomin, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00393.x · Cited by 770

Limbic abnormalities in affective processing by criminal psychopaths as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging

Kiehl, K. A., Smith, A., Hare, R. D., Mendrek, A., Forster, B. B., Brink, J., & Liddle, P. F. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01222-7 · Cited by 767

Callous–unemotional traits and conduct problems in the prediction of conduct problem severity, aggression, and self-report of delinquency

Frick, P. J., Cornell, A. H., Barry, C. T., Bodin, S. D., & Dane, H. E. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1023899703866 · Cited by 737

Event-related potentials in impulsively aggressive juveniles: A retrospective chart-review study

Fisher, W. I., Ceballos, N. A., Matthews, D., & Fisher, L. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.02.020 · Cited by 6

Blunted cortisol reactivity and risky driving in young offenders – a pilot study

Couture, S., Ouimet, M. C., Dedovic, K., Laurier, C., Plusquellec, P., & Brown, T. G. (2018) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2017-0123 · Cited by 8

CU-traits and HPA-axis reactivity conjointly relate to treatment effect in adolescents with severe antisocial behavior

Jambroes, T., Jansen, L. M. C., Oostermeijer, S., van de Ven, P. M., DORELEIJERS, T. A. H., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., & Popma, A. (2018) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.12.011 · Cited by 5

The GCAG Haplotype of the CRHBP Gene May Decrease the Risk for Robbery Behavior Among the Han Chinese

Tang, L., Chen, Y., Qin, X., Xiang, J., Tang, Y., & Li, J. (2020) · Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers · doi:10.1089/gtmb.2020.0011 · Cited by 4

Association of glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population

Chen, Y., Xu, J., Zou, Y., Li, L., Wang, F., Chen, S., Cai, J., & Li, M. (2017) · International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1111/1756-185x.13191 · Cited by 4

Agresión en adolescentes infractores

Amigó, U. C. L., Carmona-Cardona, C. A., Quiroz, L. H. R., Amigó, U. C. L., Tobón, O. E. A., Amigó, U. C. L., Lópera, I. C. P., & Amigó, U. C. L. (2025) · doi:10.21501/9786287765108 · Cited by 7

How can (or could) biology inform more effective parenting interventions for childhood aggression?

Perkins, E. R., Mossin, I., Goldstein, N. E. S., Jaffee, S. R., NeMoyer, A., Hernandez‐Pena, L., Wallace, A. A., Saven, H. Q., Perlstein, S., Gardner, F. E. M., et al. (2024) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2024.101985 · Cited by 3

The association between bullyng behavior, arousal level, coping strategies and pshyhological adjustment

Sesar, K. (2013) · Paediatrics Today · doi:10.5457/p2005-114.68 · Cited by 3

Breaking the chains? The effects of training a shelter dog in prison on criminal behavior and recidivism

Duindam, H. M., Creemers, H. E., Hoeve, M., & Asscher, J. J. (2021) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2021.2007768 · Cited by 3

Delinquency and Violent Behavior

Baughman, M., Hussey, D., Flannery, D. J., & Jefferis, E. S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7497-6_24 · Cited by 4

Development of Affective Circuitry

Viding, E. M., Sebastian, C. L., & McCrory, E. J. P. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511843716.034 · Cited by 3

The Role of Behavioral Phenotypes on Impaired Driving Recidivism Risk and Treatment Response to Brief Intervention: A Preliminary Study

Moxley‐Kelly, N., Ouimet, M. C., Dongier, M., Chanut, F., Tremblay, J., Marcantoni, W. S., & Brown, T. G. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13935 · Cited by 3

Psychobiological Correlates of Aggression in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder

Cavelti, M., Rinnewitz, L., Walter, M., van der Venne, P., Parzer, P., Josi, J., Bertsch, K., Brunner, R., Resch, F., Koenig, J., et al. (2022) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000520228 · Cited by 3

Deviant circadian rhythmicity, corticosterone variability and trait testosterone levels in aggressive mice

Mogavero, F., van Zwieten, K., Buitelaar, J. K., Glennon, J. C., & Henckens, M. J. A. G. (2022) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15632 · Cited by 3

Women and Girls with Psychopathic Characteristics

Nicholls, T. L., Goossens, I., Odgers, C. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119159322.ch21 · Cited by 3

Cortisol stress response predicts 9-year risky driving convictions in male first-time driving-while-impaired offenders

Brown, T. G., Ouimet, M. C., Nadeau, L., Tremblay, J., Gianoulakis, C., Couture, S., & Moxley‐Kelly, N. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05359-0 · Cited by 2

Personality Dimensions in Psychopathy: Potential Explanatory Models for Primary and Secondary TraitsPreprint

Murphy, B. A., & Giurgiutiu, D. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1978268 · Cited by 1

Psicopatía en niños y adolescentes: modelos, teorías y últimas investigaciones

Halty, L., Robayo, A. M., Hernández, C. R., Santos, J. M., & Alonso, T. O. (2011) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.52s01.2010818 · Cited by 2

ADHD and stress : Diurnal cortisol levels, early psychosocial adversity and perceived stress

Isaksson, J. (2014) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2

Morality, self-control, age, type of offence and sentence length as predictors of psychopathy amongst female incarcerated offenders in South Africa

de Oliveira, J. D., Jordaan, J., & Cronjé, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299847 · Cited by 1

Parenting and Peer Victimization in the Development of Callous-Unemotional Behaviors: Moderation by Irritability and Basal Cortisol

Perhamus, G. R., Ostrov, J. M., & Murray-Close, D. K. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01343-9 · Cited by 2

Multi-system stress activity profiles and socioemotional functioning across the transition to kindergarten

Perhamus, G. R., Perry, K. J., Murray-Close, D. K., & Ostrov, J. M. (2026) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2026.101931 · Cited by 1

A Compelling Conference Addressing Underlying Themes in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Research, Assessment and Treatment

Leddie, G. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Behaviour · doi:10.4172/2375-4494.1000163 · Cited by 1

Hormonal Influences on Behavior

Robakis, T. K., & Rasgon, N. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00221-x · Cited by 1

Neurobiologia da resiliência: em busca de lesão por um futuro consciente

Nobre, S., & Castro, F. V. (2016) · International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología · doi:10.17060/ijodaep.2016.n1.v2.154 · Cited by 1

Sources of Human’s Aggression, Violence, Antisocial and Addictive Behaviors

Franzek, E., de Jager, B., Heffels, L., Poot, J. W., & Ofehe, S. (2022) · Biomedical and Translational Science · doi:10.33425/2768-4911.1028 · Cited by 1

Antisocial Personality Disorder as a Form of Adaptive Strategy

Pyatnitskiy, N. Y., & Enikolopov, S. N. (2024) · Psikhiatriya · doi:10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-63-72 · Cited by 1

Peer socialization processes in the development of callous-unemotional traits

Perhamus, G. R., & Ostrov, J. M. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424001846 · Cited by 3

A Pathophysiologically-Based Approach to the Treatment and Prevention of Mental Illness and Its Related Disorders

Binder, M. R. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20210906.16 · Cited by 1

Enhancing Our Understanding of Teen-Driver Crashes

Durbin, D. R., Mirman, J. H., & Curry, A. E. (2014) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5402 · Cited by 1

Autonomic Nervous System Functioning and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder

Cline, J. I. (2013) · TUScholarShare (Temple University) · Cited by 1

Same but different : functional correlates of different psychopathy dimensions in (antisocial) youth

Feilhauer, J. (2013) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20130412jf · Cited by 1

Callous unemotional traits, low cortisol reactivity and physical aggression in children: findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development StudyPreprint

Wright, N., Hill, J., Pickles, A. R., & Sharp, H. (2018) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/x57fm · Cited by 1

Neuroendocrine Function of Female Youth with Callous-Unemotional Traits

Gostisha, A. J. (2011) · ScholarWorks @ The University of New Orleans (The University of New Orleans)

Neurobiology of violence in children and adolescents

Today, P., & Šimić, N. (2013) · Paediatrics Today · doi:10.5457/p2005-114.69

The R ole of Cortisol in the Cycle of Violence

Gowin, J. L. (2011) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)

Childhood Precursors to Psychopathy

Sadhu, J. M. (2015) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20150401-06

Aportes al estudio del cortisol como marcador biológico del trastorno de personalidad antisocial

Sartori, M. S., López, M., Zabala, M. L., & Bakker, L. (2015) · Archivos de Neurociencias · doi:10.31157/an.v20i4.100

Developmental approach to understanding the needs of young people in contact with the criminal justice system

Bailey, S., & Chitsabesan, P. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0140

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Testosterone, cortisol, and psychopathy: Further evidence with the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale and the inventory of callous unemotional traits

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Predictive Relations Between Early Adversity, Nonlinear Trajectories of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Functioning, and Later Callous-Unemotional Traits

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Multilevel Meta-analyses of Emotional Processing Deficits Associated with Callous-Unemotional (CU) Traits: Do They Differ by Age and Sex?

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Salivary cortisol and psychopathy dimensions in detained antisocial adolescents

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Reduced Cortisol in Boys with Early-Onset Conduct Disorder and Callous-Unemotional Traits

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Predictive Relations Between Early Adversity, Nonlinear Trajectories of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Functioning, and Later Callous-Unemotional Traits

Huth, N., Vogel, S. C., Cole, V. T., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M. T., & Wagner, N. J. (2026) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-026-01976-x