Baby on board: olfactory cues indicate pregnancy and fetal sex in a non-human primate
Open accessAbstract
Olfactory cues play an integral, albeit underappreciated, role in mediating vertebrate social and reproductive behaviour. These cues fluctuate with the signaller's hormonal condition, coincident with and informative about relevant aspects of its reproductive state, such as pubertal onset, change in season and, in females, timing of ovulation. Although pregnancy dramatically alters a female's endocrine profiles, which can be further influenced by fetal sex, the relationship between gestation and olfactory cues is poorly understood. We therefore examined the effects of pregnancy and fetal sex on volatile genital secretions in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), a strepsirrhine primate possessing complex olfactory mechanisms of reproductive signalling. While pregnant, dams altered and dampened their expression of volatile chemicals, with compound richness being particularly reduced in dams bearing sons. These changes were comparable in magnitude with other, published chemical differences among lemurs that are salient to conspecifics. Such olfactory 'signatures' of pregnancy may help guide social interactions, potentially promoting mother-infant recognition, reducing intragroup conflict or counteracting behavioural mechanisms of paternity confusion; cues that also advertise fetal sex may additionally facilitate differential sex allocation.
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Signaling sexual unavailability, as described in primates and non-primates, may also be important in humans.
“In view of this, signaling sexual unavailability (as described in primates and non-primates ( Crawford and Drea, 2015 ;Johnston, 1980 ;Mitchell et al., 2017 ) may also be important in humans.”
From Male brain processing of the body odor of ovulating women compared to that of pregnant women (2021) · cites this paper as Crawford and Drea, 2015
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- Authors
- Crawford, J. C., & Drea, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Drea, Christine M.
- Venue
- Biology Letters
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 20140831
- ISSN
- 1744-9561 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-957X
- PMC
- PMC4360101
- OpenAlex
- W2022996239
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 7.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biology Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- olfactory cues, pregnancy, fetal sex, Lemur catta, chemical communication, sex allocation, primate behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Communication, Cues, Female, Genitalia, Female, Lemur, Male, Odorants, Pregnancy, Volatile Organic Compounds
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