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Heel impact forces during barefoot versus minimally shod walking among Tarahumara subsistence farmers and urban Americans

Wallace, Ian J., Koch, Elizabeth, Holowka, Nicholas B., Lieberman, Daniel E.·2018·Royal Society Open Science
DOI 10.1098/rsos.180044PMC PMC5882750
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Abstract

Despite substantial recent interest in walking barefoot and in minimal footwear, little is known about potential differences in walking biomechanics when unshod versus minimally shod. To test the hypothesis that heel impact forces are similar during barefoot and minimally shod walking, we analysed ground reaction forces recorded in both conditions with a pedography platform among indigenous subsistence farmers, the Tarahumara of Mexico, who habitually wear minimal sandals, as well as among urban Americans wearing commercially available minimal sandals. Among both the Tarahumara ( n = 35) and Americans ( n = 30), impact peaks generated in sandals had significantly ( p < 0.05) higher force magnitudes, slower loading rates and larger vertical impulses than during barefoot walking. These kinetic differences were partly due to individuals' significantly greater effective mass when walking in sandals. Our results indicate that, in general, people tread more lightly when walking barefoot than in minimal footwear. Further research is needed to test if the variations in impact peaks generated by walking barefoot or in minimal shoes have consequences for musculoskeletal health.

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  • The plantar surface of the foot, even when thickly callused, maintains high tactile sensitivity that allows individuals to sense the stability and safety of the ground below their feet.

    “the plantar surface of the foot, even when thickly callused, maintains high tactile sensitivity that allows individuals to sense the stability and safety of the ground below their feet (Holowka et al., 2019; Wallace, Koch, Holowka, & Lieberman, 2018).”

    From Forest terrains influence walking kinematics among indigenous Tsimane of the Bolivian Amazon (2022) · cites this paper as Wallace, Koch, Holowka, & Lieberman, 2018

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says footwear covering the sole limits plantar sensory feedback, supporting the general point that the foot senses contact with the ground. It does not say that thickly callused feet retain high tactile sensitivity or that this sensitivity lets people assess ground stability and safety; searches for calluses and those functions found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Metadata

Authors
Wallace, I. J., Koch, E., Holowka, N. B., & Lieberman, D. E.
ORCID
Wallace, Ian J.
Venue
Royal Society Open Science
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2018-03
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
180044
ISSN
2054-5703
DOI
10.1098/rsos.180044
PMC
PMC5882750
Cited by
22
References
1
Language
en
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Funders
  • American School of Prehistoric Research
  • Hintze Family Charitable Foundation

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