Hunter-gatherers and human evolution.

Marlowe, Frank W.

doi:10.1002/evan.20046

Cited by 944Pleistocene-Era Hominins and ArchaeologyLanguage and cultural evolutionEvolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

Hunter-gatherers and human evolution.

Marlowe, Frank W.·2005·Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews

DOI 10.1002/evan.20046

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Abstract

Although few hunter-gatherers or foragers exist today, they are well documented in the ethnographic record. Anthropologists have been eager to study them since they assumed foragers represented a lifestyle that existed everywhere before 10,000 years ago and characterized our ancestors into some ill-defined but remote past. In the past few decades, that assumption has been challenged on several grounds. Ethnographically described foragers may be a biased sample that only continued to exist because they occupied marginal habitats less coveted by agricultural people.3 In addition, many foragers have been greatly influenced by their association with more powerful agricultural societies.4 It has even been suggested that Holocene foragers represent a new niche that appeared only with the climatic changes and faunal depletion at the end of the last major glaciation.5 Despite these issues, the ethnographic record of foragers provides the only direct observations of human behavior in the absence of agriculture, and as such is invaluable for testing hypotheses about human behavioral evolution.6.

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Daily walking distances for Hadza women and men were significantly different.
“Daily walking distances for Hadza women (mean 5.8, std. dev. ±1.7 km/day) and men (11.4±2.1 km/day) were significantly different (p<0.001, t-test), consistent with previous measurements in hunting and gathering societies [10].”
From Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [10]
Many hunter-gatherers seasonally consume a large portion of their daily calories as honey.
“For example, while Western diets are certainly more sugar-rich and energy-dense than more “traditional” diets and wild foods [4], [8], [9], many hunter-gatherers seasonally consume a large portion of their daily calories as honey [10], [11] (Fig. S2), which has high concentrations of glucose and fructose [12].”
From Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [10]
Metabolic measurements are lacking for hunter-gatherer societies, whose diet and lifestyle provide the best models for studies of human evolution.
“Notably, metabolic measurements are lacking for hunter-gatherer societies, whose diet and lifestyle provide the best models for studies of human evolution [10].”
From Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors: Marlowe, F. W.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Marlowe, Frank W.
Venue: Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2005-04-13
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: 54-67
ISSN: 1060-1538 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/evan.20046
OpenAlex: W2168363280
Cited by: 944
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 42 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 112.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 3793 d)
Locations: Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Keywords: hunter-gatherers, human evolution, evolution of behavior, ethnographic records, sampling bias, agricultural societies, prehistoric human behavior

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