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The mechanism of delayed release in earthquake-induced avalanches
Open accessAbstract
Snow avalanches can be triggered by strong earthquakes. Most existing models assume that snow slab avalanches happen simultaneously during or immediately after their triggering. Therefore, they cannot explain the plausibility of delayed avalanches that are released minutes to hours after a quake. This paper establishes the basic mechanism of delays in earthquake-induced avalanche release using a novel analytical model that yields dynamics consistent with three documented cases, including two from Western Himalaya and one from central Italy. The mechanism arises from the interplay between creep, strain softening and strain-rate sensitivity of snow, which drive the growth of a basal shear fracture. Our model demonstrates that earthquake-triggered delayed avalanches are rare, yet possible, and could lead to significant damage, especially in long milder slopes. The generality of the model formulation opens a new approach for exploring many other problems related to natural slab avalanche release.
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Recent work on delayed snow avalanches proposed a release mechanism driven by rate-dependent processes in the snow slab and weak layer, which can develop under constant loads.
“Recent work on delayed snow avalanches 14 has proposed a release mechanism driven by rate-dependent processes in the snow slab and the weak layer 10 , which can develop under constant loads.”
From Mechanisms of slab avalanche release and impact in the Dyatlov Pass incident in 1959 (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mechanisms of slab avalanche release and impact in the Dyatlov Pass incident in 1959
Gaume, J., & Puzrin, A. M. (2021) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00081-8 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Puzrin, A. M., Faug, T., & Einav, I.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Puzrin, Alexander M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 475
- Issue
- 2227
- Pages
- 20190092
- ISSN
- 1364-5021 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2946
- PMC
- PMC6694300
- OpenAlex
- W2963384012
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Irstea Publications et Bases documentaires (Irstea) (submittedVersion)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (200021_168998)
- Australian Research Council (DP160104310)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Landslides and related hazards
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Cryospheric studies and observations
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Tree Root and Stability Studies
- Keywords
- snow slab avalanches, snow creep, strain softening, strain rate sensitivity, Western Himalaya, central Italy
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