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60 million years of co-divergence in the fig–wasp symbiosis

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Rønsted, Nina, Weiblen, George D, Cook, James M, Salamin, Nicolas, Machado, Carlos A, Savolainen, Vincent·2005·Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Abstract

Figs ( Ficus ; ca 750 species) and fig wasps (Agaoninae) are obligate mutualists: all figs are pollinated by agaonines that feed exclusively on figs. This extraordinary symbiosis is the most extreme example of specialization in a plant–pollinator interaction and has fuelled much speculation about co-divergence. The hypothesis that pollinator specialization led to the parallel diversification of fig and pollinator lineages (co-divergence) has so far not been tested due to the lack of robust and comprehensive phylogenetic hypotheses for both partners. We produced and combined the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic trees to date with fossil data to generate independent age estimates for fig and pollinator lineages, using both non-parametric rate smoothing and penalized likelihood dating methods. Molecular dating of ten pairs of interacting lineages provides an unparalleled example of plant–insect co-divergence over a geological time frame spanning at least 60 million years.

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Metadata

Authors
Rønsted, N., Weiblen, G. D., Cook, J. M., Salamin, N., Machado, C. A., & Savolainen, V.
Venue
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Published
2005-09-27
Volume
272
Issue
1581
Pages
2593-2599
ISSN
  • 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
  • 0962-8452
  • 1471-2954
OpenAlex
W2119988850
Cited by
252
References
4
FWCI
12.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 60 million years of co-divergence in the fig–wasp symbiosis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1098/rspb.2005.3249
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Rønsted, N., Weiblen, G. D., Cook, J. M., Salamin, N., Machado, C. A., & Savolainen, V. (2005). 60 million years of co-divergence in the fig–wasp symbiosis. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3249

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