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Cited by 307Plant Diversity and EvolutionEvolution and Paleontology StudiesEcology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies

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The geography and ecology of plant speciation: range overlap and niche divergence in sister species

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Anacker, Brian L., Strauss, Sharon Y.·2014·Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rspb.2013.2980PMC PMC3906944
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Abstract

A goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the roles of geography and ecology in speciation. The recent shared ancestry of sister species can leave a major imprint on their geographical and ecological attributes, possibly revealing processes involved in speciation. We examined how ecological similarity, range overlap and range asymmetry are related to time since divergence of 71 sister species pairs in the California Floristic Province (CFP). We found that plants exhibit strikingly different age-range correlation patterns from those found for animals; the latter broadly support allopatric speciation as the primary mode of speciation. By contrast, plant sisters in the CFP were sympatric in 80% of cases and range sizes of sisters differed by a mean of 10-fold. Range overlap and range asymmetry were greatest in younger sisters. These results suggest that speciation mechanisms broadly grouped under ‘budding’ speciation, in which a larger ranged progenitor gives rise to a smaller ranged derivative species, are probably common. The ecological and reproductive similarity of sisters was significantly greater than that of sister–non-sister congeners for every trait assessed. However, shifts in at least one trait were present in 93% of the sister pairs; habitat and soil shifts were especially common. Ecological divergence did not increase with range overlap contrary to expectations under character displacement in sympatry. Our results suggest that vicariant speciation is more ubiquitous in animals than plants, perhaps owing to the sensitivity of plants to fine-scale environmental heterogeneity. Despite high levels of range overlap, ecological shifts in the process of budding speciation may result in low rates of fine-scale spatial co-occurrence. These results have implications for ecological studies of trait evolution and community assembly; despite high levels of sympatry, sister taxa and potentially other close relatives, may be missing from local communities.

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  • Geographical isolation may not play a critical role in speciation in many groups of plants, with speciation driven instead by divergent adaptation to different local environments.

    “Overall, these results imply that geographical isolation may not play a critical role in speciation in many groups of plants, with speciation driven instead by divergent adaptation to different local environments (Anacker and Strauss 2014; Papadopulos et al., 2014).”

    From Genomics of plant speciation (2023) · cites this paper as Anacker and Strauss 2014

    The Introduction describes ecological speciation through divergent selection across habitats, and the study reports substantial range overlap and frequent habitat and soil shifts among sister species in the California Floristic Province. But its conclusion supports budding speciation—which includes mechanisms besides local adaptation—in that region; it does not establish that geographical isolation is unimportant or that divergent adaptation drives speciation in many groups of plants. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • In some plant genera, sister taxa are more likely to overlap in geographic distribution than more distantly related species.

    “This contrasts with phylogenies of some plant genera in which sister taxa are more likely to overlap in geographic distribution than more distantly related species (Anacker and Strauss, 2014; Grossenbacher et al., 2014; Kantar et al., 2015).”

    From Genomics of plant speciation (2023) · cites this paper as Anacker and Strauss, 2014

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Metadata

Authors
Anacker, B. L., & Strauss, S. Y.
Affiliations
University of California, Davis (US)
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2014-03-07
Volume
281
Issue
1778
Pages
20132980
ISSN
  • 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
  • 0962-8452
  • 1471-2954
DOI
10.1098/rspb.2013.2980
PMC
PMC3906944
OpenAlex
W2169427133
Cited by
307
References
95
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11
FWCI
25.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant Diversity and Evolution
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Keywords
plant speciation, sister species, range overlap, niche divergence, vicariant speciation, sympatric speciation, California Floristic Province, ecological similarity, character displacement, habitat shift, divergence time, community assembly, character evolution
MeSH terms
Biological Evolution, Phylogeny, Plants, Population Dynamics, Reproduction, Species Specificity, Ecosystem, Genetic Speciation, Phylogeography

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