The DOI matches its Crossref record; 174 of the 175 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions
Open accessAbstract
Scientific activities take place within the structured sets of ideas and assumptions that define a field and its practices. The conceptual framework of evolutionary biology emerged with the Modern Synthesis in the early twentieth century and has since expanded into a highly successful research program to explore the processes of diversification and adaptation. Nonetheless, the ability of that framework satisfactorily to accommodate the rapid advances in developmental biology, genomics and ecology has been questioned. We review some of these arguments, focusing on literatures (evo-devo, developmental plasticity, inclusive inheritance and niche construction) whose implications for evolution can be interpreted in two ways—one that preserves the internal structure of contemporary evolutionary theory and one that points towards an alternative conceptual framework. The latter, which we label the ‘extended evolutionary synthesis' (EES), retains the fundaments of evolutionary theory, but differs in its emphasis on the role of constructive processes in development and evolution, and reciprocal portrayals of causation. In the EES, developmental processes, operating through developmental bias, inclusive inheritance and niche construction, share responsibility for the direction and rate of evolution, the origin of character variation and organism–environment complementarity. We spell out the structure, core assumptions and novel predictions of the EES, and show how it can be deployed to stimulate and advance research in those fields that study or use evolutionary biology.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Environmental conditions provide feedback that alters gene expression in such ways that a unidirectional flow of information from the genome to the environment is not tenable [158].”
From Opinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell (2024) · cites this paper as [158]
In the citing paper
“These informational shielding properties of MBs connect with debates regarding units of selection in evolutionary theory, in that only organismic phenotypes—and sometimes groups of organisms (Laland et al., 2015; Richerson et al., 2016)—are “visible” to natural selection with respect to phylogeny.”
From An Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) of Consciousness (2020) · cites this paper as Laland et al., 2015
Citations
Cites
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, T. S., & Schlegel, R. (1963) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3050879 · Cited by 35,538
The genetical theory of natural selection
Fisher, R. A. (1930) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.27468 · Cited by 17,617
THE STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS
McGuire, J. E. (1963) · Philosophical Books · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0149.1963.tb00813.x · Cited by 8,547
Culture and the Evolutionary Process
Griesemer, J. R., Boyd, R. T., & Richerson, P. J. (1986) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.2307/1367778 · Cited by 7,133
Developmental Plasticity and Evolution
West-Eberhard, M. J. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195122343.001.0001 · Cited by 6,115
Evolution in Changing Environments
Levins, R. (1968) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780691209418 · Cited by 5,401
Evolution in Changing Environments
Levins, R. (2020) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctvx5wbbh · Cited by 3,387
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
Gould, S. J. (2002) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674417922 · Cited by 3,176
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers
Lakatos, I. (1978) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511621123 · Cited by 3,045
(2003) · Cited by 2,898
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Futuyma DJ, 1998, Evolutionary biology
- 10.2307/j.ctvjsf433 · DOI
- 10.1038/514161a · DOI
- Uller T, Challenges to evolutionary theory: development and heredity
- Futuyma DJ, 2013, Evolution
- Barton N, 2007, Evolution
- Ridley M, 2004, Evolution
- Darwin C, 1859, The origin of species
- Mayr E, 1984, The triumph of the evolutionary synthesis, Times Lit, 2, 1261
- Endler JA, 1986, The newer synthesis? Some conceptual problems in evolutionary biology, Oxford Surv. Evol. Biol, 3, 224
- Oyama S, 1985, The ontology of information: developmental systems and evolution
- O'Brien M, 2011, Cultural niche construction. Special edition of biological theory
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,002
Brambilla, V., Baird, A. H., Barbosa, M., Dehnert, I., Madin, J. S., Peddie, C. M., & Dornelas, M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464352 · Cited by 2
Gecow, A. (2019) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/yr2h9 · Cited by 2
Why is the term 'developmental bias' misleading? (full version)Preprint
Gecow, A. (2020) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/x489e · Cited by 2
Using developmental rules to align microevolution with macroevolutionPreprint
Machado, F. A., Mongle, C. S., Slater, G. J., Penna, A., Wisniewski, A. L., Soffin, A., Dutra, V., & Uyeda, J. C. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.19.504140 · Cited by 2
Brown, G. R., & Laland, K. N. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198908203.002.0006 · Cited by 2
Self-citationWills, C., & Ashe, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0158 · Cited by 2
Information Theory, Developmental Psychology, and the Baldwin Effect
Chastain, E. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurorobotics · doi:10.3389/fnbot.2018.00052 · Cited by 1
The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Norms
Mu, Y., & Gelfand, M. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.015 · Cited by 2
Open Science Reform and Social Science Progress
Grossmann, M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197518977.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Darwin, Capitalism, Colonialism, and Beliefs
Diogo, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70401-2_6 · Cited by 1
Nardo, A. (2022) · Philosophy of education · doi:10.47925/78.1.100 · Cited by 1
Natural Computation of Cognition, from Single Cells Up
Dodig-Crnković, G. (2022) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789811257155_0003 · Cited by 2
Behavioral repertoire of Lahille’s bottlenose dolphins that interact with artisanal fishers
Serpa, N., Frainer, G., dos Santos, B., Bortolotto, G. A., & Moreno, I. B. (2024) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-024-03443-w · Cited by 1
Васильев, А. Г. (2023) · Экология · doi:10.31857/s0367059723030083 · Cited by 1
O estudo do comportamento, a dicotomia inato vs. aprendido e sua (possível) superação
Cabral, F. G. D. S. (2024) · Psicologia USP · doi:10.1590/0103-6564e210154 · Cited by 1
What is it Like to Evolve? Cultural Evolution as a Lived Experience
Baldus, B. (2024) · KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie · doi:10.1007/s11577-024-00947-1 · Cited by 1
The epigenetic system, evo-devo, and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis
Müller, G. B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19051-3.00002-4 · Cited by 1
Self-citationBonobos y adopción: un análisis de los presupuestos conceptuales de la cooperación biológica
Arias-Vélez, M. (2024) · Revista Filosofía UIS · doi:10.18273/revfil.v23n2-2024012 · Cited by 1
Fulgione, D., Russo, D., Rivieccio, E., Maselli, V., Avallone, B., Mondanaro, A., Giurato, G., & Buglione, M. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111715 · Cited by 1
Plasticity-Led (Not First) Evolution: A Matter of Causal Relevance
Garaffa, L. (2025) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-025-00494-8 · Cited by 1
Epistemic niche construction and non-epistemic values: the case of 19th century craniology
Benedetto, M. D., & Luchetti, M. (2025) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-025-00648-2 · Cited by 1
Stevens, D. R., Foster, S. A., Mathis, K. A., & Meyer, N. P. (2025) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.70033 · Cited by 1
Inter-level explanation: the case of neuropsychoanalysis
Gabriel, R. H. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-025-05158-5 · Cited by 1
On the Parallels Between Evolutionary Theory and the State of AI
Erden, Z. D., & Faltings, B. V. (2025) · Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion (GECCO Companion) · doi:10.1145/3712255.3734320 · Cited by 3
The pitfalls of an impoverished approach to culture: Commentary on Baumard and André
Brown, G. R. (2025) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106746 · Cited by 1
Buried Treasure? Overlooked and Newly Discovered Evolutionary Contributions to Human Brain Diseases
Diederich, N. J., Brüne, M., Allen, J. S., Bender, N., Bruner, E., Changeux, J., Calì, C., Dolgova, O., Grünewald, A., Konopka, G., et al. (2025) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.78030 · Cited by 1
Revisiting Clonal Evolution Through the Light of Retrotransposons
Lamoureux, A., Elvira‐Matelot, E., Porteu, F., & Laplane, L. (2025) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.70078 · Cited by 2
Complex brains allow functioning in a complex environment by using information
Turner, C. R., Morgan, T. J. H., & Griffiths, T. L. (2025) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x25100782 · Cited by 1
Brambilla, V., Baird, A. H., Barbosa, M., Dehnert, I., Madin, J. S., Peddie, C. M., & Dornelas, M. (2025) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-025-02776-w · Cited by 4
Modern understanding of epigenetic inheritance mechanisms and their role in the evolutionary process
Toshchakova, V. A., Noskov, S. A., Khazieva, K. R., Erofeeva, T. V., & Toshchakov, S. V. (2025) · Molecular Genetics Microbiology and Virology (Russian) · doi:10.17116/molgen2025430426 · Cited by 1
Endogenous Mirroring Phenomena (EMP): a paradigm shift in biological sciences
Emadi, M. (2026) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2026.111888 · Cited by 1
Addressing multi-generational non-genetic responses in experimental studies of evolution
Zilio, G., Bedhomme, S., Fronhofer, E. A., Jacob, S., Legrand, D., Philippe, H., & Chevin, L. (2026) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpag027 · Cited by 1
Probabilistic epigenetics: an informational approach
Rama, T. (2026) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-026-05512-1 · Cited by 3
Novick, R. (2026) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-026-10014-y · Cited by 1
Hirota, K., Sasaki, T., Yoshimura, T., Onodera, S., Hirano, H., Toyama, T., Yoshida, M., & Setiamarga, D. H. E. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-45670-3 · Cited by 1
Developmental synergistic information
Rama, T. (2026) · Theory in Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12064-026-00476-9 · Cited by 1
Development is an evolutionary phenomenon
Lecointre, G. (2026) · Comptes Rendus Biologies · doi:10.5802/crbiol.202 · Cited by 1
The modern era of research on language evolution: Moving forward
Stout, D. (2016) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2016.01.002 · Cited by 1
Ornithology from the Flatlands
Piersma, T. (2016) · Ardea · doi:10.5253/arde.v104i3.a0 · Cited by 1
Proceedings B 2015: the year in review
Barrett, S. C. H. (2016) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2812 · Cited by 1
Prediction in evolutionary systems
Donaldson, S., Woolley, T. W., Dzugan, N., & Goebel, J. (2016) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-016-9545-z · Cited by 1
Sexton, J. P. (2019) · Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology · doi:10.3998/ptpbio.16039257.0011.018 · Cited by 1
Francescoli, G. (2021) · Biosemiotics · doi:10.1007/s12304-020-09400-0 · Cited by 1
The Language Module Reconsidered
Zerilli, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190067885.003.0007 · Cited by 1
Situating Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics
Smedt, J. D., & Cruz, H. D. (2021) · Synthese Library/Synthese library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68802-8_1 · Cited by 1
Watkins, A. (2021) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-021-09809-y · Cited by 1
Pluralismo evolutivo e o ideal de unificação da biologia
Araújo, L. A. L., & dos Reis, C. R. M. (2021) · História Ciências Saúde-Manguinhos · doi:10.1590/s0104-59702021000200004 · Cited by 1
The Quiet Resolution of the Science Wars
Grossmann, M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197518977.003.0003 · Cited by 1
Tomlinson, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199367313.013.20 · Cited by 1
The Evolution of Language and Speech
Benítez‐Burraco, A., & Dediu, D. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198813781.013.29 · Cited by 1
Rybnikov, S., Frenkel, Z., Kirzhner, V. M., & Korol, A. B. (2015) · Botanica Pacifica · doi:10.17581/bp.2015.04212 · Cited by 1
Dove, G. O. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190061975.003.0008 · Cited by 1
Dove, G. O. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190061975.003.0001 · Cited by 1
Bifocal stance theory, the transmission metaphor, and institutional reality
Packer, M. J., & Cole, M. (2022) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x22001169 · Cited by 1
Necessary and sufficient conditions for major evolutionary transitions
Boomsma, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0004 · Cited by 1
Zhu, X. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.129672.1 · Cited by 1
Dialectics That Sweep Away ‘COWDUNG’
Laland, K. N., Feldman, M., & Odling‐Smee, J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198869252.013.64 · Cited by 1
Self-citationIncommensurability in Evolutionary Biology: The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis Controversy
Gefaell, J., & Saborido, C. (2023) · Interdisciplinary evolution research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30304-3_8 · Cited by 1
Experimental neuroarchaeology of visuospatial behavior
Stout, D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99193-3.00008-8 · Cited by 1
Revisiting Edward D. Cope’s “The Relation of Animal Motion to Animal Evolution” (1878)
McGhee, G. R. (2023) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-023-00443-3 · Cited by 1
Macroevolutionary Origins of Comparative Development
Riahi, I. A. (2023) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/uead095 · Cited by 1
Cooper, A. (2023) · Studies in German idealism · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41558-6_2 · Cited by 1
Thomas S. Kuhn: key to a better understanding of the extended evolutionary synthesis
Tanghe, K. B. (2023) · Theory in Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12064-023-00409-w · Cited by 1
Lynch, M. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192847287.003.0001 · Cited by 1
The Scope of Reciprocal Causation
HADDAD, Y. L. (2024) · Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology · doi:10.3998/ptpbio.5258 · Cited by 1
Epistolution: a new principle necessary to a learning-first theory of life
Munford, C. (2024) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2024.2366249 · Cited by 1
Technology Integration in Higher Education for Empowerment
Dieguez, T. (2024) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2917-7.ch018 · Cited by 1
Rethinking Sociality in Language Evolution
Raimondi, V. (2024) · Linguistic Frontiers · doi:10.2478/lf-2024-0008 · Cited by 1
A natureza das mudanças na biologia evolutiva contemporânea: Síntese Evolutiva Estendida?
dos Reis, C. R. M., & Araújo, L. A. L. (2020) · Dissertatio · doi:10.15210/dissertatio.v50i0.14566 · Cited by 1
Epigenetic Inheritance and the Environment
Jablonka, E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61187-2_5 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMüller, G. A. (2024) · Academia molecular biology and genomics. · doi:10.20935/acadmolbiogen7401 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAdvancing public understanding of epigenetics: the EPIBOOST project’s video science outreach
Oliveira, D. M. D., Guerra, C., Loureiro, M. J., Jeremias, G., & Pereira, J. L. (2024) · Educational Media International · doi:10.1080/09523987.2024.2436766 · Cited by 1
Brown, G. R., & Laland, K. N. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198908203.003.0005 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMüller, G. A. (2025) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering12050532 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTowards a Research Programme Aiming at Causes and Consequences of Reticulate Evolution
Oberprieler, C. (2025) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology14111601 · Cited by 1
Ceschim, B., de Oliveira, T. B., & de Andrade, A. M. (2016) · Filosofia e História da Biologia · Cited by 1
Generalising Darwinian Evolution by Using Its Smallest-Scale Representation as a Foundation
Akkerhuis, G. A. J. M. J. O., Spijkerboer, H. P., & Koelewijn, H.-P. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43802-3_6 · Cited by 1
La médecine évolutionniste : un nouveau regard sur la santé et les maladies
Bauduer, F. (2017) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2016.12.008 · Cited by 1
Theories of Inheritance: The Evolution and Development of Form
Haig, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33038-9_62-1 · Cited by 1
Evolution, Animal Behavior, Culture, and the Human Mind
Fuentes, A. (2018) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.131.4.0517 · Cited by 1
Mating Markets: A Naturally Selected Sex Allocation Theory of Sexual Selection
Blute, M. (2019) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-019-00315-9 · Cited by 1
Language Evolution in Biolinguistics from a Multi-Factor Perspective
Shao, Z. (2019) · OALib · doi:10.4236/oalib.1105867 · Cited by 1
Criticism, Resistance, a Glimmer of Hope
Agosta, S. J., & Brooks, D. R. (2020) · Evolutionary Biology/Evolutionary biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52086-1_5 · Cited by 1
Why Should Biologists Care about the Philosophy of Science?
Uller, T., & Kampourakis, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108648981.002 · Cited by 1
Self-citationWhat Methods Do Life Scientists Use?
Peterson, E. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108648981.010 · Cited by 1
Cities, Psychosis, and Social Defeat
Sayanvala, F., Bornstein, L., Choudhury, S., Shah, J. L., Weinstock, D., & Gold, I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.025 · Cited by 1
Culture, Mind, and Brain in Human Evolution
Stout, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.005 · Cited by 1
Liminal Brains in Uncertain Futures
Choudhury, S., & Berson, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.020 · Cited by 1
Elementos de etología para una antrozoología crítica
Ferrari, H. R. (2020) · Cited by 1
Visiting Iniquity Upon the Generations
Ulishney, M. L. (2020) · Philosophy Theology and the Sciences · doi:10.1628/ptsc-2020-0017 · Cited by 1
Dlaczego rozszerzona synteza ewolucyjna jest niezbędna
Müller, G. B. (2021) · Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy · doi:10.53763/fag.2018.15.155 · Cited by 1
Self-citationEvolutionary Principles in Psychotherapy: An Integrative Framework for Clinical Practice
Monestès, J., & Hayes, S. (2021) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00079-0 · Cited by 1
Whittington, R., McGuire, J., & Peres, M. F. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139086486.006 · Cited by 1
Schlupp, I. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198818946.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Perspectives on Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
Singh, B. N. (2022) · Journal of scientific research · doi:10.37398/jsr.2022.660315 · Cited by 1
Has Darwin’s Theory Really Become Obsolete?
Lekevičius, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11582-0_21 · Cited by 1
Remnants of SIRE1 retrotransposons in human genome?
Güner, B. Ç., Karlık, E., & Gözükırmızı, N. (2022) · Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12041-022-01398-3 · Cited by 1
Structuring unleashed expression: Developmental foundations of human communication
Rorot, W., Skowrońska, K., Nagórska, E., Zieliński, K., Zubek, J., & Rączaszek‐Leonardi, J. (2023) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x22000838 · Cited by 1
Inclusive Fitness Theory as a Scientific Revolution: A Commentary on Futuyma
Rodrigues, A. M. M., & Gardner, A. (2023) · Evolutionary Biology/Evolutionary biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22028-9_33 · Cited by 1
Phenotypes, Organisms, and Individuals: A Commentary on Rodrigues and Gardner
Dickins, T. E. (2023) · Evolutionary Biology/Evolutionary biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22028-9_21 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Laland, K. N., Uller, T., Feldman, M. W., Sterelny, K., Müller, G. B., Moczek, A., Jablonka, E., & Odling-Smee, J.
- Affiliations
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Lund University (SE)
- Stanford University (US)
- Australian National University (AU)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Mansfield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Corresponding author
- Laland, Kevin N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2015-08-22
- Volume
- 282
- Issue
- 1813
- Pages
- 20151019
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC4632619
- OpenAlex
- W2103794982
- Cited by
- 1,399
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 149 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 136 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 41.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Keywords
- Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, Modern Synthesis, evolutionary developmental biology, developmental plasticity, niche construction, developmental bias, evolutionary theory
- MeSH terms
- Archaea, Ecology, Biological Evolution, Models, Biological, Developmental Biology, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Genomics, Eukaryota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
