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XI. On the forces, stresses, and fluxes of energy in the electromagnetic field
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1. The remarkable experimental work of late years has inaugurated a new era in the development of the Faraday-Maxwellian theory of the ether, considered as the primary medium concerned in electrical phenomena—electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic. Maxwell’s theory is no longer entirely a paper theory, bristling with unproved possibilities. The reality of electromagnetic waves has been thoroughly demonstrated by the experiments of Hertz and Lodge, Fitzgerald and Trouton, J. J. Thomson, and others; and it appears to follow that, although Maxwell’s theory may not be fully correct, even as regards the ether (as it is certainly not fully comprehensive as regards material bodies), yet the true theory must be one of the same type, and may probably be merely an extended form of Maxwell’s. No excuse is therefore now needed for investigations tending to exhibit and elucidate this theory, or to extend it, even though they be of a very abstract nature. Every part of so important a theory deserves to be thoroughly examined, if only to see what is in it, and to take note of its unintelligible parts, with a view to their future explanation or elimination.
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“There is also a more subtle symmetry between the electric and magnetic fi elds, due to Heaviside and Larmor [34 -36]. This is the observation that the free- fi eld Maxwell equations (1) are invariant under the transformation”
From Optical Dirac equation (2014) · cites this paper as [34]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Heaviside, O.
- Corresponding author
- Heaviside, Oliver
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. (A.)
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 1892-12-31
- Issue
- 183
- Pages
- 423-480
- ISSN
- 0264-3820 (ISSN-L)
- 2053-9231
- OpenAlex
- W2325435413
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (A ) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Electromagnetic Research
- Keywords
- electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic stress, Poynting flux, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic force
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