The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Current-induced spin–orbit torques
Abstract
The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin–orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers
Slonczewski, J. C. (1996) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/0304-8853(96)00062-5 · Cited by 6,825
Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current
Berger, L. (1996) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.54.9353 · Cited by 4,898
Electronic analog of the electro-optic modulator
Datta, S., & Das, B. (1990) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.102730 · Cited by 4,800
Nagaosa, N., Sinova, J., Onoda, S., MacDonald, A. H., & Ong, N. P. (2010) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.1539 · Cited by 4,798
Principles of the Theory of Solids
Ziman, J. M. (1972) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139644075 · Cited by 4,147
Spin-Orbit Coupling Effects in Zinc Blende Structures
Dresselhaus, G. (1955) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.100.580 · Cited by 3,695
Oscillatory effects and the magnetic susceptibility of carriers in inversion layers
Bychkov, Y. A., & Rashba, E. I. (1984) · Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3719/17/33/015 · Cited by 2,972
The emergence of spin electronics in data storage
Chappert, C., Fert, A., & Van Dau, F. N. (2007) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2024 · Cited by 2,546
Spin—Orbit Coupling Effects in Two-Dimensional Electron and Hole Systems
Winkler, R. (2003) · Springer Tracts in Modern Physics · doi:10.1007/b13586 · Cited by 2,489
Symmetry and Strain-Induced Effects in Semiconductors
Bir, G. L., & Pikus, G. E. (1974) · Cited by 2,351
Cited by
Electric Control of the Giant Rashba Effect in Bulk GeTe
Di Sante, D., Barone, P., Bertacco, R., & Picozzi, S. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201203199 · Cited by 466
Metadata
- Authors
- Gambardella, P., & Miron, I. M.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2011-08-13
- Volume
- 369
- Issue
- 1948
- Pages
- 3175-3197
- ISSN
- 1364-503X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2962
- OpenAlex
- W2160539281
- Cited by
- 417
- References
- 80
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Current-induced spin–orbit torques. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1098/rsta.2010.0336
- The paper
- Gambardella, P., & Miron, I. M. (2011). Current-induced spin–orbit torques. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0336
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.