Pigment epithelial ensheathment and phagocytosis of extrafoveal cones in human retina
Abstract
The association between extrafoveal cone outer segments and pigment epithelial cells was studied by transmission electron microscopy in three human retinas; ages 5,45 and 60. The pigment epithelial apical surface from a fourth human retina, age 38,was viewed in the scanning electron microscope. Multiple villous-like apical processes protrude from the pigment epithelium into the space above each cone. Sometimes one or more of these processes is sheet-like in form and contains a wealth of intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. One or more of the villous-like procesess reaches the cone and expands to ensheath the upper one-third of the outer segment. Llike vertebrate rods, extrafoveal human cones shed their terminal disks in packets and these packets are phagocytosed by the ensheathing apical processes. The phagosomes then ascend in the processes toward the pigment epithelia soma. Digestion of phagosomes appears to begin in the apical processes.
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OS ingestion is mediated by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton to form an actin-rich phagocytic cup.
“OS ingestion is mediated by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton to form an actin-rich phagocytic cup, first seen in early EM images of pseudopodia that were distinct from apical microvilli but in close apposition to the OS membrane (Steinberg et al., 1977; Nilsson, 1978; Matsumoto et al., 1987).”
From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Steinberg et al., 1977
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Curcio, C. A., Sparrow, J. R., Bonilha, V. L., Pollreisz, A., & Lujan, B. J. (2018) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.02.031 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND THE NEUROSENSORY RETINA
Stern, W. H., Ernest, J. T., Steinberg, R. H., & Miller, S. S. (1980) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.1980.tb00284.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Steinberg, R. H., Wood, I., & Hogan, M. J.
- ORCID
- Hogan, M.j.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 1977-03-28
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 958
- Pages
- 459-471
- ISSN
- 0080-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 2054-0280
- OpenAlex
- W1967076774
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 15.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal and Macular Surgery
- Keywords
- retinal pigment epithelium, cone outer segments, phagocytosis, phagosome, apical processes, human retina
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Cats, Child, Preschool, Cytoplasm, Humans, Membranes, Microscopy, Electron, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Organoids, Phagocytosis, Photoreceptor Cells, Pigment Epithelium of Eye
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