The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Decomposing health: tolerance and resistance to parasites in animals
Open accessAbstract
Plant biologists have long recognized that host defence against parasites and pathogens can be divided into two conceptually different components: the ability to limit parasite burden (resistance) and the ability to limit the harm caused by a given burden (tolerance). Together these two components determine how well a host is protected against the effects of parasitism. This distinction is useful because it recognizes that hosts that are best at controlling parasite burdens are not necessarily the healthiest. Moreover, resistance and tolerance can be expected to have different effects on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and host–parasite coevolution. However, studies of defence in animals have to date focused on resistance, whereas the possibility of tolerance and its implications have been largely overlooked. The aim of our review is to (i) describe the statistical framework for analysis of tolerance developed in plant science and how this can be applied to animals, (ii) review evidence of genetic and environmental variation for tolerance in animals, and studies indicating which mechanisms could contribute to this variation, and (iii) outline avenues for future research on this topic.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence
Lloyd-Smith, J. O., Schreiber, S. J., Kopp, P. E., & Getz, W. M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04153 · Cited by 2,514
Acquisition and Allocation of Resources: Their Influence on Variation in Life History Tactics
van Noordwijk, A. J., & de Jong, G. (1986) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/284547 · Cited by 2,383
The ecology and evolution of plant tolerance to herbivory
Strauss, S. Y., & Agrawal, A. A. (1999) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01576-6 · Cited by 1,626
Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria
Hill, A. V. S., Allsopp, C. E. M., Kwiatkowski, D., Anstey, N. M., Twumasi, P., Rowe, P. A., Bennett, S., Brewster, D., McMichael, A. J., & Greenwood, B. M. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/352595a0 · Cited by 1,552
The lek paradox and the capture of genetic variance by condition dependent traits
(1996) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0207 · Cited by 1,455
Variation in the TNF-α promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria
McGuire, W., Hill, A. V. S., Allsopp, C. E. M., Greenwood, B. M., & Kwiatkowski, D. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371508a0 · Cited by 1,169
Direct and ecological costs of resistance to herbivory
Strauss, S. Y., Rudgers, J. A., Lau, J. A., & Irwin, R. E. (2002) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02483-7 · Cited by 880
Biological and biomedical implications of the co-evolution of pathogens and their hosts
Woolhouse, M. E. J., Webster, J. P., Domingo, E., Charlesworth, B., & Levin, B. R. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1202-569 · Cited by 869
Helminth parasites – masters of regulation
Maizels, R. M., Balic, A., Gomez‐Escobar, N., Nair, M., Taylor, M. D., & Allen, J. E. (2004) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x · Cited by 866
Disentangling Genetic Variation for Resistance and Tolerance to Infectious Diseases in Animals
Råberg, L., Sim, D., & Read, A. F. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1148526 · Cited by 794
Self-citation
Cited by
Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy
Medzhitov, R., Schneider, D. S., & Soares, M. P. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1214935 · Cited by 1,718
Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: Why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters
Del Giudice, M., & Gangestad, S. W. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.013 · Cited by 779
Ayres, J. S., & Schneider, D. S. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075030 · Cited by 475
Disease tolerance and immunity in host protection against infection
Soares, M. P., Teixeira, L., & Moita, L. F. (2017) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.136 · Cited by 376
Energetic Trade-Offs and Hypometabolic States Promote Disease Tolerance
Ganeshan, K., Nikkanen, J., Man, K., Leong, Y. A., Sogawa, Y., Maschek, J. A., Van Ry, T., Chagwedera, D. N., Cox, J. E., & Chawla, A. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.050 · Cited by 286
Metadata
- Authors
- Råberg, L., Graham, A. L., & Read, A. F.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2008-10-16
- Volume
- 364
- Issue
- 1513
- Pages
- 37-49
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- OpenAlex
- W1980288207
- Cited by
- 850
- References
- 76
- FWCI
- 19.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Decomposing health: tolerance and resistance to parasites in animals. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1098/rstb.2008.0184
- The paper
- Råberg, L., Graham, A. L., & Read, A. F. (2009). Decomposing health: tolerance and resistance to parasites in animals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0184
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.