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Fungal denitrification and nitric oxide reductase cytochrome P450nor
Open accessAbstract
We have shown that many fungi (eukaryotes) exhibit distinct denitrifying activities, although occurrence of denitrification was previously thought to be restricted to bacteria (prokaryotes), and have characterized the fungal denitrification system. It comprises NirK (copper-containing nitrite reductase) and P450nor (a cytochrome P450 nitric oxide (NO) reductase (Nor)) to reduce nitrite to nitrous oxide (N(2)O). The system is localized in mitochondria functioning during anaerobic respiration. Some fungal systems further contain and use dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reductases to denitrify nitrate. Phylogenetic analysis of nirK genes showed that the fungal-denitrifying system has the same ancestor as the bacterial counterpart and suggested a possibility of its proto-mitochondrial origin. By contrast, fungi that have acquired a P450 from bacteria by horizontal transfer of the gene, modulated its function to give a Nor activity replacing the original Nor with P450nor. P450nor receives electrons directly from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to reduce NO to N(2)O. The mechanism of this unprecedented electron transfer has been extensively studied and thoroughly elucidated. Fungal denitrification is often accompanied by a unique phenomenon, co-denitrification, in which a hybrid N(2) or N(2)O species is formed upon the combination of nitrogen atoms of nitrite with a nitrogen donor (amines and imines). Possible involvement of NirK and P450nor is suggested.
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“Importantly, multiple fungal species, including the ubiquitous Candida, contain a fungal nitrate reductase enzyme and are known nitrate-reducers in the environment[229,230].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [230]
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Citations
Cites
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A nitric oxide reductase is a key enzyme target for eliminating fungal emissions of nitrous oxide
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“Thus, denitrification had been documented across a wide range of bacterial taxa, as well as in archaea (e.g., Tomlinson et al. 1986) and fungi (e.g., Shoun et al. 2012).”
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“Fungal denitrification involves copper-containing nitrite reductase (NirK) and cytochrome P450 nitric oxide reductase (P450nor), which catalyse the conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide and subsequently to N ₂ O (Aldossari & Ishii, 2021a, 2021b; Shoun et al., 2012).”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Shoun, H., Fushinobu, S., Jiang, L., Kim, S.-W., & Wakagi, T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2012-05-05
- Volume
- 367
- Issue
- 1593
- Pages
- 1186-1194
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC3306627
- OpenAlex
- W2127344845
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Tokyo
- University of Tsukuba
- Chiba University
- Universität Konstanz
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20248009)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
- Keywords
- fungal denitrification, nitric oxide reductase, nirK, nitrite reductase, nitrous oxide, anaerobic respiration, mitochondrial electron transport chain, horizontal gene transfer, phylogenetic analysis, nitrate reductase
- MeSH terms
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Fungi, Models, Molecular, Nitric Oxide, Nitrite Reductases, Nitrous Oxide, Denitrification
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