The power of possibility: causal learning, counterfactual reasoning, and pretend play

Cited by (200)

Items 101–200 of 200

1. DEEP: A model of gaming preferences informed by the hierarchical nature of goal-oriented cognition
   Edgar Dubourg, Valérian Chambon · 2025 · Entertainment Computing
2. Piaget, Probability, Causality, and Contradiction
   Andrew Perfors · 2016 · Human Development
3. Alternatives or syntactic negation? Adults’ and children’s preferences for constructing counterfactual possibilities
   Jesica Gómez-Sánchez, Sergio Moreno‐Ríos, Caren A. Frosch · 2021 · Current Psychology
4. Causal Queries from Observational Data in Biological Systems via Bayesian Networks: An Empirical Study in Small Networks
   Alex White, Matthieu Vignes · 2018 · Methods in molecular biology
5. Young children's counterfactual thinking: Triggered by the negative emotions of others.
   Keito Nakamichi · 2019 · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
6. Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) Revisited
   Adam Safron · 2019 · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)
7. Fun isn’t easy: Children selectively manipulate task difficulty when “playing for fun” vs. “playing to win”
   Junyi Chu, Joshua Rule, Mariel Kathryn Goddu, Verity Pinter, Emily Rose Reagan, Elizabeth Baraff Bonawitz, Alison Gopnik C, Tomer David Ullman · 2023
8. Unifying principles of generalization: past, present, and future
   Charley M. Wu, Björn Meder, Eric Schulz · 2024
9. DiFACE2: Generating Diverse, Feasible, and Actionable Counterfactual Explanations for Post-Conflict Primary Education Interventions Using Causal DAGs
   Gabriel Terna Ayem, Aondowase J. Shiwua, Peter Atagher, Terfa J. Tivkaa · 2025 · Journal of Future Artificial Intelligence and Technologies
10. Introduction: How Children Propel Development
    Megan M. Saylor, Patricia A. Ganea · 2018 · Springer eBooks
11. What is the Work of Sportsmen and -Women, and (When) Should it be Paid Equally?
    Robert Kowalenko · 2021 · Sport Ethics and Philosophy
12. Play as the Foundation of Human Intelligence: The Illuminating Role of Human Brain Evolution and Development and Implications for Education and Child Development.
    Aaron P. Blaisdell · 2013 · Journal of Evolution and Health An Ancestral Health Society Publication
13. Learning science concepts through prompts to consider alternative possible worlds
    Angela Nyhout, Patricia A. Ganea · 2022 · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
14. New Perspectives on Educational Resources
    Karl Christian Alvestad, Kari Hernæs Nordberg, Hege Roll-Hansen · 2023 · Routledge eBooks
15. Actively Learning to Learn Causal Relationships
    Chentian Jiang, Christopher G. Lucas · 2024 · Computational Brain & Behavior
16. Agency at a distance: learning causal connections
    Peter Gärdenfors, Marlize Lombard · 2024 · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
17. Homeostatic epistemology
    S. Kate Devitt · 2013 · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University)
18. Cephalopod molluscs, causal models, and curious minds
    Andrew W. Corcoran · 2019 · Animal Sentience
19. Using Environmentally Friendly Media (Happy Body) in Early Childhood Science: Human Body Parts Lesson
    Suwahono Suwahono, Dwi Mawanti · 2019 · JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini
20. Effects of Improv Comedy on College Students
    Colin Stewart · 2016 · ISU Red - Research and eData (Illinois State University)
21. Disentangling causal effects for hierarchical reinforcement learning
    Oriol Corcoll, Raul Vicente · 2020 · arXiv.org
22. Comparative perspectives on mother-infant communication in primates: Are humans unique?
    Federica Amici, Katja Liebal · 2025 · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
23. A Robot that Learns Connect Four Using Game Theory and Demonstrations
    Ali Ayub, Alan Richard Wagner · 2020
24. Teach Me What You Want to Play: Learning Variants of Connect Four Through Human-Robot Interaction
    Ali Ayub, Alan R. Wagner · 2020 · Lecture notes in computer science
25. Museums and the socio-material emergence of curiosity
    Lise Camilla Ruud · 2023 · Routledge eBooks
26. The two-faced process of learning and the importance of Janus-faced solutions
    Robin Samuelsson · 2023 · npj Science of Learning
27. Children learn cause-and-effect relations from fantastical and realistic storybooks
    Jonah Brenner, Katherine Steele, Jacqueline D. Woolley · 2025 · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
28. Spontaneous thought as play: the value of fictional goals in the default mode network
    Gaia Molinaro, Moshe Bar · 2025 · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
29. Children’s Theory of Mind and Academic Achievement: a Meta-analysis on Reading Comprehension and Math Skills
    Serena Lecce, Serena Maria Stagnitto, Sara Mascheretti, Valentina Lampis, Rory Thomas Devine · 2026 · Educational Psychology Review
30. The Evolution of Man
    Bernd Rosslenbroich · 2014 · History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences
31. Developing Theory of Mind and Counterfactual Reasoning in Children
    Josef Perner, Eugenia Kulakova, Eva Rafetseder · 2022 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
32. Forms of Vitality Play
    Silvia Español, Mauricio Martı́nez, Mariana Bordoni, Rosario Camarasa, Alicia Clara Nudler, Santiago García Cernaz · 2022 · Springer eBooks
33. Imaginative processes in children are not particularly imaginative
    Deena Skolnick Weisberg, David Marc Sobel · 2022 · Behavioral and Brain Sciences
34. Facts in counterfactuals-cognitive representations of Chinese counterfactuals
    Yufei Ren, Gang Wei Cui, Stella Christie · 2023 · Scientific Reports
35. Experience of regret is unaffected by concurrent working memory load
    Lily FitzGibbon, Caroline Putt, Aidan Feeney, Teresa McCormack, Sarah R. Beck · 2024 · Routledge Open Research
36. The relationship of counterfactual reasoning and false belief understanding: the role of prediction and explanation tasks
    Antonio Contreras Felipe, Juan Antonio García-Madruga · 2020 · Psicologica
37. Introduction
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
38. The Evolution of Brains and Behavior: Is There a Trend?
    Bernd Rosslenbroich · 2014 · History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences
39. A Naturalistic Philosophy of Play
    Nathaniel Cross Gindele · 2015 · DukeSpace (Duke University)
40. Learning by Thinking and the Development of Abstract Reasoning
    Caren M. Walker · 2015 · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
41. Preschoolers' Use of Verbal and Musical Strategies for Solving a Spatial Reasoning Task
    Alyssa Marie Iulianetti · 2016 · Seton Hall University eRepository (Seton Hall University)
42. Augmented Reality interfaces for symbolic play in early childhood
    Zhen Bai · 2021 · CL Technical Reports
43. On the Tractability of Neural Causal Inference
    Matej Zečević, Devendra Singh Dhami, Kristian Kersting B · 2021 · arXiv (Cornell University)
44. Counterfactual thinking as an issue between language and pretend play / El pensamiento contrafactual como un problema entre el lenguaje y el juego de simulación
    Alberto Murcia · 2016 · Studies in Psychology Estudios de Psicología
45. What if? Counterfactual reasoning, pretense, and the role of possible worlds
    Daphna Buchsbaum, Caren M. Walker, Alison Gopnik C, Nick Chater A, David J. Danks, Christopher G. Lucas, Charles Kemp, Eva Rafetseder, Josef Perner · 2013 · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
46. The effect of imagining outcomes on children’s causal reasoning
    Rotem Aboody · 2013 · Berkeley Undergraduate Journal
47. The Plausible Impossible: Causal Constraints on Magical Reasoning.
    Andrew Shtulman, Caitlin Morgan · 2016 · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
48. Local Search and the Explore/Exploit Trade-off in Adult Causal Inferences
    Erik Andreas Herbst · 2017 · TSpace (University of Toronto)
49. One Mind or Two? An Introduction to Dual Process Theories
    Brian Young · 2018 · Springer eBooks
50. Serial Dual Mediating Effects of Preschoolers’ Executive Functions and Counterfactual Thinking on Relationship between Maternal Reflective Functioning and Preschoolers’ Higher-order Thinking
    Yoonjeong Lee, Jiyoung Lim · 2020 · Family and environment research
51. The Plausible Impossible: Graded Notions of Impossibility Across Cultures.
    Tianwei Gong, Andrew Shtulman · 2020 · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
52. Structural Causal Interpretation Theorem.
    Matej Zečević, Devendra Singh Dhami, Constantin A. Rothkopf, Kristian Kersting B · 2021 · arXiv (Cornell University)
53. Some Empirical Results Concerning Causal Learning and Representation
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
54. A Plausible role of Imagination in Pretense, Executive Functions, and Counterfactual Reasoning
    Gill Althia Francis, Jenny L. Gibson · 2021
55. Invariance
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
56. Proportionality
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
57. Cognitive Mechanisms of Learning: References
    Anh Nguyen‐Xuan · 2020 · Cognitive Mechanisms of Learning
58. Bibliographie
    Daniel Andler · 2016 · Gallimard eBooks
59. Invariance Applied
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
60. Pretend Play as a Context for Learning New Information
    Emily Hopkins · 2014
61. Critical Note
    Andreas Roepstorff, Tobias Starzak · 2018 · Oxford University Press eBooks
62. Counterfactual Thinking Made in a Relevant Choice and Negative Consequences
    Juan F. Muñoz-Olano, Glenys J. Ruiz-Zapata · 2022 · Journal of Cognition and Culture
63. The Normative and the Descriptive
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
64. Experimental Results Concerning Invariance: Cheng, Lombrozo, and Others
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
65. Methods for Investigating Causal Cognition
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
66. Theories of Causation
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
67. ”What happens if a whale devours you?”. Pupils’ knowledge-making in the Whaling Museum
    Lise Camilla Ruud · 2022 · Nordisk Museologi
68. All non-real worlds provide exploration: Evidence from developmental psychology
    Katherine E Norman, Thalia R. Goldstein · 2022 · Behavioral and Brain Sciences
69. Perceptual malleability: attention, imagination, and objectivity
    Dustin Stokes · 2023 · Philosophical Studies
70. El desarrollo del juego con las formas de la vitalidad y del juego simbólico en la primera infancia
    Santiago García Cernaz · 2023 · El Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual (National University of La Plata)
71. Setting the Scene: Contexts and Development in Early Childhood
    Nikolai Veresov, Sarika Kewalramani, Junqian Ma · 2024 · Early childhood research and education
72. Dedication
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
73. Copyright Page
    James Woodward · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
74. Back to Reality: Children’s Early Temporal Reasoning Applies to Real but not Hypothetical Events.
    Urvi Maheshwari, David Barner · 2025
75. How Do Children Learn So Much So Quickly?
    Paul Ibbotson, Open University · 2025 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
76. How Does Imagination Develop?
    Paul Ibbotson, Open University · 2025 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
77. The Early Years
    Paul Ibbotson · 2025 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
78. Middle Childhood
    Paul Ibbotson · 2025 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
79. Reading children’s moral dramas in anthropological fieldnotes: A human–AI hybrid approach
    Jing Xu, Jose Manuel Hernandez · 2025 · Cambridge Forum on AI Culture and Society
80. Empirical Treatments of Imagination and Creativity
    Dustin Stokes · 2026
81. Back to reality: Children's early temporal reasoning applies to real but not hypothetical events
    Urvi Maheshwari, David Barner · 2026 · Child Development
82. Differences in causal reasoning in preschool-aged children with and without autism
    T. L. Wang, Leslie J. Carver, Caren M. Walker · 2026 · Child Development
83. [These authors contributed equally: Anna P. Giron, Simon Ciranka.]
    A. Giron, Simon Ciranka, Eric Schulz, Wouter van den Bos, A. Ruggeri, B. Meder, C. Wu · 2023 · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)
84. Simulation analytics as an eco-systemic approach to the nonlinear dynamic response of artificial adaptive systems: A toolkit
    Massimo Buscema, Giulia Massini, Marco Breda, Riccardo Petritoli, Guido Ferilli, Pier Luigi Sacco · 2026 · Soft Computing
85. Reading fiction in early adolescence predicts the ability to imagine our own future
    Anna‐Lisa Cohen, Nicholas R. Buttrick · 2026 · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
86. Desire, decoupling, and factive mentalizing
    Akshan deAlwis · 2026 · Mind & Language
87. A meta-analysis of the relationship between pretend play and children’s executive function
    Feiyan Li, Hui Zhang · 2026 · Cognitive Development
88. Machine Common Sense: A Grand Challenge in Artificial Intelligence
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
89. A New Science of MCS
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
90. Commonsense Knowledge versus Reasoning
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
91. Outlook
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
92. Testing AI for Common Sense
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
93. Preface
    2026 · ACM eBooks
94. Multi-disciplinary Perspectives on Defining Common Sense
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
95. Author’s Biography/Index
    2026 · ACM eBooks
96. Common Sense in Large Language Models
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
97. Acronyms
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
98. Bibliography
    2026 · ACM eBooks
99. Appendix A
    Mayank Kejriwal · 2026 · ACM eBooks
100. Play as the meaningful work of childhood: views from evolutionary science, Indigenous cultures, and Montessori pedagogy
     Mariah A. Griffin, Angeline Stoll Lillard · 2026 · Frontiers in Education