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From shared to distinct self–other representations in empathy: evidence from neurotypical function and socio-cognitive disorders
Open accessAbstract
Neuroscientific research has identified two fundamental components of empathy: shared emotional representations between self and other, and self–other distinction. The concept of shared representations suggests that during empathy, we co-represent another person's affect by engaging brain and bodily functions underpinning the first-hand experience of the emotion we are empathizing with. This possible grounding of empathy in our own emotional experiences explains the necessity for self–other distinction, which is the capacity to correctly distinguish between our own affective representations and those related to the other. In spite of the importance of these two components in empathy, several aspects still remain controversial. This paper addresses some of them and focuses on (i) the distinction between shared activations versus representations, raising the question what shared representations entail in terms of the underlying neural mechanisms, (ii) the possible mechanisms behind self–other distinction in the cognitive and the affective domains, and whether they have distinct neural underpinnings and (iii) the consequences associated with a selective impairment of one of the two components, thereby addressing their importance in mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, psychopathy and alexithymia.
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“Individuals with ASD often show difficulty in evaluating social cues and in appropriately interpreting another person’s experiences or emotions, and may display a preoccupation with self or limited interest in others 14–19.”
From Reduced sociability and social agency encoding in adult Shank3-mutant mice are restored through gene re-expression in real time (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Individuals with ASD are often described as having inability to organize social information or appropriately interpret the state and experience of others 14–19.”
From Reduced sociability and social agency encoding in adult Shank3-mutant mice are restored through gene re-expression in real time (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lamm, C., Bukowski, H., & Silani, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Lamm, C.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2016-01-19
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 1686
- Pages
- 20150083-20150083
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC4685528
- OpenAlex
- W2264210502
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Viennese Science and Technology Fund (CS11-005 and CS11-011)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- empathy, shared representations, self-other distinction, emotion representation, autism spectrum disorder, psychopathy, alexithymia, neural mechanisms of empathy, affective empathy, cognitive empathy
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Cognition Disorders, Empathy, Humans, Self Concept, Social Behavior Disorders, Social Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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