Dissociation of cognitive and emotional empathy in adults with Asperger syndrome using the multifaceted empathy test (MET).
Abstract
Empathy is a multidimensional construct consisting of cognitive (inferring mental states) and emotional (empathic concern) components. Despite a paucity of research, individuals on the autism spectrum are generally believed to lack empathy. In the current study we used a new, photo-based measure, the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), to assess empathy multidimensionally in a group of 17 individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS) and 18 well-matched controls. Results suggested that while individuals with AS are impaired in cognitive empathy, they do not differ from controls in emotional empathy. Level of general emotional arousability and socially desirable answer tendencies did not differ between groups. Internal consistency of the MET's scales ranged from .71 to .92, and convergent and divergent validity were highly satisfactory.
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Use of self-report questionnaires to measure empathy is a major limitation.
“In particular, the use of self-report questionnaires to measure empathy is a major limitation, future studies shall consider using performance tasks such as the Multifaceted Empathy Test (Dziobek et al., 2008) for more in-depth measurement of empathy.”
From Nonattachment Predicts Empathy, Rejection Sensitivity, and Symptom Reduction After a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Among Young Adults with a History of Childhood Maltreatment (2020) · cites this paper as Dziobek et al., 2008
Emotional empathy (EE) has a direct component (EED) and an indirect component (EEI).
“EE has been further divided into a direct component (direct emotional empathy, EED), referring to explicit emotional evaluation and empathic concern, and an indirect component (indirect emotional empathy, EEI), referring to a more general physiological arousal response to both person and context (Dziobek et al., 2008).”
From Oxytocin Enhancement of Emotional Empathy: Generalization Across Cultures and Effects on Amygdala Activity (2018) · cites this paper as Dziobek et al., 2008
MDMA modulates emotional empathy, assessed using the Multifaceted Empathy Task.
“Various studies have consistently shown that MDMA modulates emotional empathy, assessed using the MET (49).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [49]
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“I'm Human After All”: Autism, Trauma, and Affective Empathy
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Neural effects of oxytocin and mimicry in frontotemporal dementia: A randomized crossover study
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“However, research indicates that individuals with ASD possess di culties in self-understanding or theory of own mind (Williams 2010) as well as theory of mind (Baron-Cohen 1997) but not with afective empathy (Dziobek et al. 2007).”
BackgroundUnderstanding empathy and its disorders through a focus on the neural mechanism.
Preston, S. D., Ermler, M., Lei, Y., & Bickel, L. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Autistic People Do Enhance Their Selves
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The effects of reading narrative fiction on social and moral cognition
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- Authors
- Dziobek, I., Rogers, K., Fleck, S., Bahnemann, M., Heekeren, H. R., Wolf, O. T., & Convit, A.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development (DE)
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dziobek, Isabel
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2007-11-08
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 464-473
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2088779903
- Semantic Scholar
- 51daca3805ff045356537c9c37913499778a3134
- Cited by
- 951
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 103 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- Asperger syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive empathy, affective empathy, theory of mind, empathic concern, social desirability bias
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Cognition Disorders, Empathy, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Asperger Syndrome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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