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Sex chromosome evolution among amniotes: is the origin of sex chromosomes non-random?

Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Gamble, Tony, Rovatsos, Michail·2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2020.0108
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Abstract

Sex chromosomes are a great example of a convergent evolution at the genomic level, having evolved dozens of times just within amniotes. An intriguing question is whether this repeated evolution was random, or whether some ancestral syntenic blocks have significantly higher chance to be co-opted for the role of sex chromosomes owing to their gene content related to gonad development. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the evolutionary history of sex determination and sex chromosomes in amniotes and evaluate the hypothesis of non-random emergence of sex chromosomes. The current data on the origin of sex chromosomes in amniotes suggest that their evolution is indeed non-random. However, this non-random pattern is not very strong, and many syntenic blocks representing putatively independently evolved sex chromosomes are unique. Still, repeatedly co-opted chromosomes are an excellent model system, as independent co-option of the same genomic region for the role of sex chromosome offers a great opportunity for testing evolutionary scenarios on the sex chromosome evolution under the explicit control for the genomic background and gene identity. Future studies should use these systems more to explore the convergent/divergent evolution of sex chromosomes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)’.

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Metadata

Authors
Kratochvíl, L., Gamble, T., & Rovatsos, M.
Affiliations
  • Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science 1 , ,
  • Department of Biological Sciences 2 , ,
ORCID
Venue
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2021-07-26
Volume
376
Issue
1833
ISSN
  • 0962-8436
  • 1471-2970
DOI
10.1098/rstb.2020.0108
Cited by
48
References
1
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Univerzita Karlova v Praze (PRIMUS/SCI/46)
  • Grantová Agentura České Republiky (17-22604S)

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