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Emended descriptions of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii, and descriptions of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sp. nov and Clostridium saccharobutylicum sp. nov
Abstract
On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA reassociation, industrial solvent-producing clostridia have been assigned to four species. In this study, the phenotypic characteristics of Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, 'Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum', and an unnamed Clostridium sp. represented by the strains NCP 262T and NRRL B643 are compared. In addition, a further 40 strains of solvent-producing clostridia have been classified by biotyping, DNA fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These included 14 C. beijerinckii strains, two strains currently designated as 'Clostridium kaneboi' and 'Clostridium butanologenum', and 24 production strains used in the commercial acetone-butanol fermentation. All of the C. beijerinckii strains were confirmed to have been classified correctly. The 'C. kaneboi' and 'C. butanologenum' strains require reclassification as C. acetobutylicum and C. beijerinckii, respectively. The commercial production strains were found to belong either to C. beijerinckii or to the unnamed Clostridium sp. For the comparative phenotypic studies of the four species, representative strains were selected from each of the DNA-fingerprint subgroups within each species. These strains were analysed for their ability to utilize different carbohydrates, hydrolyse gelatin or aesculin, and produce indole, and were tested for the presence of catalase and urease. On the basis of these results, several phenotypic traits were found to be useful for differentiating between the four species. The descriptions of C. acetobutylicum and C. beijerinckii have been emended. The names Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sp. nov. [type strain = N1-4 (HMT) = ATCC 27021T] and Clostridium saccharobutylicum sp. nov. (type strain = DSM 13864T = ATCC BAA-117T) are proposed for the two new species.
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“Earlier efforts of transposon mutagenesis were demonstrated in C. saccharobutylicum (Keis et al., 2001), C. acetobutylicum, and C. beijerinckii, but issues with multiple transposon insertions per mutant, and non-random distribution of insertions were also reported (Bertram and Dürre, 1989; Woolley et al., 1989).”
From Gas Fermentation—A Flexible Platform for Commercial Scale Production of Low-Carbon-Fuels and Chemicals from Waste and Renewable Feedstocks (2016) · cites this paper as Keis et al., 2001
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Metadata
- Authors
- Keis, S., Shaheen, R., & Jones, D. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- ORCID
- Shaheen, R
- Venue
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 2001-11-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2095-2103
- ISSN
- 1466-5026 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-5034
- OpenAlex
- W1995716143
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii
- MeSH terms
- Acetone, Butanols, Clostridium, DNA, Ribosomal, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Phenotype, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Solvents, Bacterial Typing Techniques, DNA Fingerprinting, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Carbohydrate Metabolism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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