The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Commensal bacteria can enter colonic epithelial cells and induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion: a possible pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis
Open accessAbstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2)- and IL-10-knockout mice develop spontaneous colitis under conventional but not germ-free conditions, suggesting that commensal bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of colitis. However, interactions between commensal bacteria and colonic epithelial cells have not been fully investigated. We therefore assessed the ability of various commensal bacteria and probiotics to adhere to and invade colonic epithelial cells. Effects of the bacteria on production of proinflammatory cytokines were also measured. Commensal bacteria, including mucosal organisms isolated from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, such as Fusobacterium varium, reported as a possible pathogen in UC, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli and Clostridium clostridioforme, as well as their type strains and probiotics, were assessed for their ability to adhere to and invade colonic epithelial cells using two cell lines, SW-480 and HT-29. Our experiments employed co-incubation, a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and recovery of bacteria from infected-cell lysates. F. varium and several other commensal bacteria, but not probiotics, adhered to colonic epithelial cells and invaded their cytoplasm. ELISA and real-time PCR revealed that the host cells, particularly those invaded by F. varium, showed significant increases in IL-8 and TNF-alpha concentrations in supernatants, with elevation of IL-8, TNF-alpha, MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNAs. Furthermore, IL-8 and TNF-alpha expression and nuclear phosphorylated NF-kappaB p65 expression could be immunohistochemically confirmed in inflamed epithelium with cryptitis or crypt abscess in UC patients. Certain commensal bacteria can invade colonic epithelial cells, activating early intracellular signalling systems to trigger host inflammatory reactions.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“B. vulgatus specifically has shown contradictory effects: it can both reduce inflammation in some conditions [120] and promote inflammatory bowel disorders in others [121].”
From Unraveling the Connections: Eating Issues, Microbiome, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [121]
Citations
Cites
Hoshino, K., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., Ogawa, T., Takeda, Y., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3749 · Cited by 3,374
Ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice with a disrupted interleukin-2 gene
Sadlack, B., Merz, H., Schorle, H., Schimpl, A., Feller, A. C., & Horak, I. D. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)80067-o · Cited by 1,744
Sellon, R. K., Tonkonogy, S., Schultz, M., Dieleman, L. A., Grenther, W., Balish, E., Rennick, D. M., & Sartor, R. B. (1998) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.66.11.5224-5231.1998 · Cited by 1,483
Mucosal flora in inflammatory bowel disease
Swidsinski, A. V., Ladhoff, A., Pernthaler, A., Swidsinski, S., Loening-Baucke, V. A., Ortner, M., Weber, J., Hoffmann, U., Schreiber, S., Dietel, M., et al. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.30294 · Cited by 1,344
Jung, H. C., Eckmann, L., Yang, S. K., Panja, A. B., Fierer, J., Morzycka-Wroblewska, E., & Kagnoff, M. F. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117676 · Cited by 1,197
Epithelial cells secrete the chemokine interleukin-8 in response to bacterial entry
Eckmann, L., Kagnoff, M. F., & Fierer, J. (1993) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.61.11.4569-4574.1993 · Cited by 654
Eckmann, L., Jung, H. C., Schürer-Maly, C., Panja, A. B., Morzycka-Wroblewska, E., & Kagnoff, M. F. (1993) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)91064-o · Cited by 531
Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Wong, E. S. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530280083052 · Cited by 513
Ohkusa, T., Okayasu, I., Ogihara, T., Morita, K., Ogawa, M., & Sato, N. (2002) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.1.79 · Cited by 300
Aihara, M., Tsuchimoto, D., Takizawa, H., Azuma, A., Wakebe, H., Ohmoto, Y., Imagawa, K., Kikuchi, M., Mukaida, N., & Matsushima, K. (1997) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.65.8.3218-3224.1997 · Cited by 276
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Mann, 1995, The role of microbial adherence factors in gastrointestinal disease, 99
- Sartor, 2004, Microbial influences in inflammatory bowel disease: role in pathogenesis and clinical implications, 138
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Status and the Future Ahead
Kostic, A. D., Xavier, R. J., & Gevers, D. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.009 · Cited by 1,789
The Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Zuo, T., & Ng, S. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02247 · Cited by 605
The Role of Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Baldelli, V., Scaldaferri, F., Putignani, L., & CHIERICO, F. D. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9040697 · Cited by 389
Role of the microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases
Nagalingam, N. A., & Lynch, S. V. (2012) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.21866 · Cited by 315
Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Chen, C., Wang, Z., Ding, Y., & Qin, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133308 · Cited by 336
Metadata
- Authors
- Ohkusa, T., Yoshida, T., Sato, N., Watanabe, S., Tajiri, H., & Okayasu, I.
- Affiliations
- Jikei University School of Medicine (JP)
- Kitasato University (JP)
- Juntendo University (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Microbiology
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 2009-05-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 535-545
- ISSN
- 0022-2615 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-5644
- PMC
- PMC2887547
- OpenAlex
- W2155286505
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- National Institutes of Health (5r01de008293-15, 5p50de008240-10)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM54666, R01GM054666)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 09268, F32AI009268)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE08293, DE08240)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- commensal bacteria, ulcerative colitis, colonic epithelial cells, bacterial invasion, bacterial adhesion, inflammatory cytokines, Fusobacterium varium, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium clostridioforme, probiotics, interleukin-8, TNF-α, NF-κB p65, cryptitis, crypt abscesses, intestinal inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adenocarcinoma, Animals, Bacterial Adhesion, Colitis, Ulcerative, Colon, Colonic Neoplasms, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-2, Intestinal Mucosa, Cytokines, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, DNA Primers, Mice, Knockout, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
