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Cited by 499Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsEpigenetics and DNA MethylationNuclear Structure and Function

Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila

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Elgin, S. C. R., Reuter, G.·2013·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
DOI 10.1101/cshperspect.a017780PMC PMC3721279
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Abstract

Position-effect variegation (PEV) results when a gene normally in euchromatin is juxtaposed with heterochromatin by rearrangement or transposition. When heterochromatin packaging spreads across the heterochromatin/euchromatin border, it causes transcriptional silencing in a stochastic pattern. PEV is intensely studied in Drosophila using the white gene. Screens for dominant mutations that suppress or enhance white variegation have identified many conserved epigenetic factors, including the histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase SU(VAR)3-9. Heterochromatin protein HP1a binds H3K9me2/3 and interacts with SU(VAR)3-9, creating a core memory system. Genetic, molecular, and biochemical analysis of PEV in Drosophila has contributed many key findings concerning establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin with concomitant gene silencing.

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  • H3K9me3 establishes a transcriptionally repressed state.

    “and establishes a transcriptionally repressed state [13–15]”

    From Histone H3 lysine-to-methionine mutants as a paradigm to study chromatin signaling (2014) · cites this paper as [13]

    Section 4 identifies H3K9me2/3 as marks of silenced regions and describes H3K9 methylation as important in heterochromatic gene silencing. It does not establish that H3K9me3 alone creates a transcriptionally repressed state; section 6 also notes H3K9me3 across the bodies of some active genes. No page numbers are available in the supplied passages. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Studies in fission yeast point to H3K9 methylation-independent functions for the Su(var)3-9 homolog Clr4 in chromatin silencing.

    “Indeed, studies in fission yeast point to H3K9 methylation-independent functions for the Su(var)3-9 homolog Clr4 in chromatin silencing [16].”

    From Histone H3 lysine-to-methionine mutants as a paradigm to study chromatin signaling (2014) · cites this paper as [16]

    Section 8 (page unavailable) identifies fission-yeast Clr4 as a Su(var)3-9 homolog involved in heterochromatin formation. It says these homologs catalyze H3K9 methylation, but does not report an H3K9 methylation-independent role for Clr4 in silencing. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Euchromatic genes abnormally juxtaposed to heterochromatic regions are subject to transcriptional silencing through position-effect variegation (PEV).

    “Euchromatic genes that become abnormally juxtaposed to heterochromatic regions are subject to transcriptional silencing through a phenomenon known as position-effect variegation (PEV) [13].”

    From Histone H3 lysine-to-methionine mutants as a paradigm to study chromatin signaling (2014) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors
Elgin, S. C. R., & Reuter, G.
Affiliations
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
ORCID
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Published
2013-08-01
Volume
5
Issue
8
Pages
a017780-a017780
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1101/cshperspect.a017780
PMC
PMC3721279
OpenAlex
W2096474417
Cited by
499
References
118
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 6
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
Keywords
position effect variegation, heterochromatin formation, gene silencing, Drosophila, white gene, Su(var)3-9, H3K9 methylation, HP1α, epigenetic inheritance, chromatin rearrangement, transposition
MeSH terms
Animals, Drosophila, Eye Proteins, Heterochromatin, Models, Genetic, Mutation, Gene Rearrangement, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Gene Silencing, Drosophila Proteins, Chromosomal Position Effects

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