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Natural history, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis of hepatitis A.
Open accessAbstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis. The clinical manifestations of HAV infection range from asymptomatic infection to acute liver failure (ALF), but do not include progression to chronic hepatitis. Risk factors for severe acute hepatitis A are older age (>40 years) and preexisting liver disease. Some patients may show atypical clinical features such as relapsing hepatitis, prolonged cholestasis, or extrahepatic manifestations. Almost all hepatitis A patients spontaneously recover with supportive care. However, in the case of ALF (<1%), intensive care and urgent decision on liver transplantation are required. Liver injury during hepatitis A is not directly caused by HAV but is known to be caused by immune-mediated mechanisms. In this review, the natural history and clinical manifestations of hepatitis A are described. In addition, mechanisms of immunopathogenesis in hepatitis A are discussed.
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“HAV infection has an incubation period of approximately 28 days (range: 15–50 days) (1296).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1296]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shin, E.-C., & Jeong, S.-H.
- Affiliations
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2018-02-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- a031708
- ISSN
- 2157-1422 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6120688
- OpenAlex
- W2785472073
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
- National Research Foundation (NRF-2014R1A2A1A10053662)
- Seoul National University
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Keywords
- hepatitis A virus, acute viral hepatitis, acute liver failure, fecal-oral transmission, clinical features, cholestasis, extrahepatic manifestations, immunopathogenesis, immune-mediated liver injury, liver transplantation, natural history (disease)
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Hepatitis A, Humans, Liver, Risk Factors, Liver Transplantation, Liver Failure, Acute, Disease Progression, Hepatitis A Vaccines, Hepatitis A virus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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