The efficiency of RNA 3’-end formation is determined by the distance between the cap site and the poly(A) site in spleen necrosis virus
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The efficiency of RNA 3'-end formation of spleen necrosis virus (SNV) is determined by the distance between the cap site and the poly(A) site. When the distance between the cap site and the poly(A) site was shorter than 500 bases, only 3-9% of the RNA was polyadenylated at the SNV poly(A) site. However, when the distance between the cap site and the poly(A) site was 1400 bases or more, 70% of the total RNA was polyadenylated at the SNV poly(A) site. In contrast, the poly(A) signal sequences of the thymidine kinase (tk) and SV40 late genes functioned at high efficiency, even with a distance between the cap site and the poly(A) site that was short enough to inactivate the SNV poly(A) signal. Therefore, this distance-dependent inactivation of RNA 3'-end formation is specific for SNV sequences and perhaps for related retroviruses. This finding explains the difference between the 5' and 3' poly(A) sites in many retrovirus RNAs.
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Increasing the spacing between the cap site and the polyA signal facilitates efficient 3′-end processing.
“These groups interrogated the spacing between the cap site and the polyA signal and observed that increasing this distance facilitates efficient 3′-end processing.”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Iwasaki and Temin 1990
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The effects of actinomycin D on growth of Rous sarcoma virus in vitro
Temin, H. M. (1963) · Virology · doi:10.1016/0042-6822(63)90282-4 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
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Ashe, M. P., Griffin, P., James, W., & Proudfoot, N. J. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.23.3008 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Brown, P. H., Tiley, L. S., & Cullen, B. R. (1991) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.65.6.3340-3343.1991 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication
Jehad, M. A., Ali, L. M., Pillai, V. N., Prabhu, S. G., Mustafa, F., & Rizvi, T. A. (2026) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf066 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“One possible mechanism that explains why the 5 polyA sequence does not result in polyadenylation or is suppressed has been explored experimentally by various groups (Iwasaki and Temin 1990 , Weichs an der Glon et al. 1991 , Cherrington and Ganem 1992 , DeZazzo et al. 1992 ).”
- Authors
- Iwasaki, K., & Temin, H. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 1990-12-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 12b
- Pages
- 2299-2307
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082104999
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2014: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ca007175-36)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-22443, CA-07175, P01CA022443)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- spleen necrosis virus, polyadenylation, polyadenylation signal, cap site, poly(A) site, retroviral RNA, thymidine kinase
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Chromosome Deletion, Genes, Viral, Molecular Sequence Data, Plasmids, Poly A, Retroviridae, RNA, RNA Caps, RNA, Messenger, Simian virus 40, Oligonucleotide Probes, Polymerase Chain Reaction
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