Transcriptional regulation of a pair-rule stripe in Drosophila.
Open accessAbstract
The periodic, seven-stripe pattern of the primary pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) is initiated by crude, overlapping gradients of maternal and gap gene proteins in the early Drosophila embryo. Previous genetic studies suggest that one of the stripes, stripe 2, is initiated by the maternal morphogen bicoid (bcd) and the gap protein hunchback (hb), while the borders of the stripe are formed by selective repression, involving the gap protein giant (gt) in anterior regions and the Krüppel (Kr) protein in posterior regions. Here, we present several lines of evidence that are consistent with this model for stripe 2 expression, including in vitro DNA-binding experiments and transient cotransfection assays in cultured cells. These experiments suggest that repression involves a competition or short-range quenching mechanism, whereby the binding of gt and Kr interferes with the binding or activity of bcd and hb activators at overlapping or neighboring sites within the eve stripe 2 promoter element. Such short-range repression could reflect a general property of promoters composed of multiple, but autonomous regulatory elements.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The stripe 2 enhancer controls even-skipped expression in early embryogenesis via binding of tissue-specific transcription factors.
“The stripe 2 enhancer controls eve expression in early embryogenesis via binding of tissue-specific TFs [121–123].”
From Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters (2021) · cites this paper as [123]
The Abstract and Discussion describe the stripe 2 regulatory element as binding factors that activate or repress eve expression in early embryos. They identify these factors as a maternal morphogen and gap proteins with spatially patterned expression, but do not establish that they are tissue-specific transcription factors. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Goto, T., Macdonald, P., & Maniatis, T. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90916-1 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kadonaga, J.T. and R. Tjian. 1986. Affinity purification of se- quence-specific DNA binding proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 83: 5889-5893.
- Rhodes, D. and A. Klug. 1988. Zinc fingers: A novel motif for nucleic acid binding. In Nucleic acids and molecuIar biol- ogy. (ed. F. Ecksteinn, and D.J.M. Lilley), vol. 2. Springer- Verlag, Berlin.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nissen, R. M., & Yamamoto, K. R. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.827900 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Hare, E. E., Peterson, B. K., Iyer, V. N., Meier, R., & Eisen, M. B. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000106 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Spatial mechanisms of gene regulation in metazoan embryos
Davidson, E. H. (1991) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.113.1.1 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Dermitzakis, E. T. (2003) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msg077 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters
Ray-Jones, H., & Spivakov, M. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03903-w · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Borok, M. J., Tran, D. A., Ho, M. C. W., & Drewell, R. A. (2010) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.036160 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
- Authors
- Small, S., Kraut, R., Hoey, T., Warrior, R., & Levine, M.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 1991-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 827-839
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- OpenAlex
- W2064171951
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM034431, GM34431)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- even-skipped, transcriptional repression, Bicoid, hunchback, giants, Krüppel, gap genes, promoter elements, Drosophila embryo, gene expression patterning
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Base Sequence, Cells, Cultured, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila, Gene Expression Regulation, Insect Hormones, Juvenile Hormones, Molecular Sequence Data, Phenotype, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Repressor Proteins, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Trans-Activators, Homeodomain Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
