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Quantum Noise in Linear Amplifiers
Abstract
The classical definition of noise figure, based on signal-to-noise ratio, is adapted to the case when quantum noise is predominant. The noise figure is normalized to "uncertainty noise." General quantum mechanical equations for linear amplifiers are set up using the condition of linearity and the requirement that the commutator brackets of the pertinent operators are conserved in the amplification. These equations include as special cases the maser, the parametric amplifier, and the parametric up-converter. Using these equations the noise figure of a general amplifier is derived. The minimum value of this noise figure is equal to 2. The significance of the result with regard to a simultaneous phase and amplitude measurement is explored.
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Citations
Cited by
A single quantum cannot be cloned
Wootters, W. K., & Zurek, W. H. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/299802a0 · Cited by 5,406
Optimal adaptive control for quantum metrology with time-dependent Hamiltonians
Pang, S., & Jordan, A. N. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14695 · Cited by 195
Quantum-mechanical description of two coupled harmonic oscillators
Estes, L. E., Keil, T. H., & Narducci, L. M. (1968) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.175.286 · Cited by 74
Metadata
- Authors
- Haus, H. A., & Mullen, J. A.
- Venue
- Physical Review
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1962-12-01
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2407-2413
- ISSN
- 0031-899X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994094769
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Haus, H. A., & Mullen, J. A. (1962). Quantum Noise in Linear Amplifiers. Physical Review. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.128.2407
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