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Quantum inference on Bayesian networks
Open accessAbstract
Performing exact inference on Bayesian networks is known to be $#P$-hard. Typically approximate inference techniques are used instead to sample from the distribution on query variables given the values $e$ of evidence variables. Classically, a single unbiased sample is obtained from a Bayesian network on $n$ variables with at most $m$ parents per node in time $O(nmP{(e)}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$, depending critically on $P(e)$, the probability that the evidence might occur in the first place. By implementing a quantum version of rejection sampling, we obtain a square-root speedup, taking $O(n{2}^{m}P{(e)}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}})$ time per sample. We exploit the Bayesian network's graph structure to efficiently construct a quantum state, a q-sample, representing the intended classical distribution, and also to efficiently apply amplitude amplification, the source of our speedup. Thus, our speedup is notable as it is unrelativized---we count primitive operations and require no blackbox oracle queries.
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“Sufficiently powerful quantum computers can in principle provide computational speedups for key machine learning algorithms and subroutines such as data fitting [4], principal component analysis [5], Bayesian inference [6,7], Monte Carlo methods [8], support vector machines [9,10], Boltzmann machines [11,12], and recommendation systems [13].”
From Continuous-variable quantum neural networks (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Low, G. H., Yoder, T. J., & Chuang, I. L.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2014-06-13
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W1559984405
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Physical Review Letters
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Keywords
- Bayesian networks, amplitude amplification, approximate inference, quantum advantage, #P-hardness, sampling from distributions
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