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Quantum inference on Bayesian networks
Open accessAbstract
Performing exact inference on Bayesian networks is known to be $#P$-hard. Typically approximate inference techniques are used instead to sample from the distribution on query variables given the values $e$ of evidence variables. Classically, a single unbiased sample is obtained from a Bayesian network on $n$ variables with at most $m$ parents per node in time $O(nmP{(e)}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$, depending critically on $P(e)$, the probability that the evidence might occur in the first place. By implementing a quantum version of rejection sampling, we obtain a square-root speedup, taking $O(n{2}^{m}P{(e)}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}})$ time per sample. We exploit the Bayesian network's graph structure to efficiently construct a quantum state, a q-sample, representing the intended classical distribution, and also to efficiently apply amplitude amplification, the source of our speedup. Thus, our speedup is notable as it is unrelativized---we count primitive operations and require no blackbox oracle queries.
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“Sufficiently powerful quantum computers can in principle provide computational speedups for key machine learning algorithms and subroutines such as data fitting [4], principal component analysis [5], Bayesian inference [6,7], Monte Carlo methods [8], support vector machines [9,10], Boltzmann machines [11,12], and recommendation systems [13].”
From Continuous-variable quantum neural networks (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Low, G. H., Yoder, T. J., & Chuang, I. L.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2014-06-13
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W1559984405
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Physical Review Letters
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Keywords
- Bayesian networks, amplitude amplification, approximate inference, quantum advantage, #P-hardness, sampling from distributions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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