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Cited by 206

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Fermions, strings, and gauge fields in lattice spin models

Open access
Levin, Michael, Wen, Xiao-Gang·2003·Physical Review B

Abstract

We investigate the general properties of lattice spin models with emerging fermionic excitations. We argue that fermions always come in pairs and their creation operator always has a stringlike structure with the newly created particles appearing at the end points of the string. The physical implication of this structure is that the fermions always couple to a nontrivial gauge field. We present exactly soluble examples of this phenomenon in two and three dimensions. Our analysis is based on an algebraic formula that relates the statistics of a lattice particle to the properties of its hopping operators. This approach has the advantage in that it works in any number of dimensions---unlike the flux-binding picture developed in fractional quantum Hall theory.

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Crossref · 10.1103/physrevb.67.245316

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Metadata

Authors
Levin, M., & Wen, X.-G.
Venue
Physical Review B
Published
2003-06-20
Volume
67
Issue
24
ISSN
  • 0163-1829 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-3795
OpenAlex
W1988664331
Cited by
206
References
2
FWCI
3.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Fermions, strings, and gauge fields in lattice spin models. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevb.67.245316
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Levin, M., & Wen, X.-G. (2003). Fermions, strings, and gauge fields in lattice spin models. Physical Review B. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.67.245316

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