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Cited by 651Cosmology and Gravitation TheoriesNoncommutative and Quantum Gravity TheoriesDark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena

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Significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP

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de Oliveira-Costa, Angélica, Tegmark, Max, Zaldarriaga, Matias, Hamilton, Andrew·2004·Physical Review D
DOI 10.1103/physrevd.69.063516
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Abstract

We investigate anomalies reported in the cosmic microwave background maps from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite on very large angular scales and discuss possible interpretations. Three independent anomalies involve the quadrupole and octopole: (1) The cosmic quadrupole on its own is anomalous at the 1-in-20 level by being low (the cut-sky quadrupole measured by the WMAP team is more strikingly low, apparently due to a coincidence in the orientation of our Galaxy of no cosmological significance); (2) the cosmic octopole on its own is anomalous at the 1-in-20 level by being very planar; (3) the alignment between the quadrupole and octopole is anomalous at the 1-in-66 level. Although the a priori chance of all three occurring is 1 in 24000, the multitude of alternative anomalies one could have looked for dilutes the significance of such a posteriori statistics. The simplest small universe model where the universe has toroidal topology with one small dimension of order one-half the horizon scale, in the direction toward Virgo, could explain the three items above. However, we rule this model out using two topological tests: the S statistic and the matched circle test.

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  • Seemingly anomalous correlations have already been detected among the low-multipole CMB anisotropies, which might indicate deviations from statistical isotropy in the inflationary spectrum.

    “Indeed, seemingly anomalous correlations have already been detected among the low-multipole CMB anisotropies [20,21,22,23,24], which might indicate deviations from statistical isotropy in the inflationary spectrum.”

    From Observable effects of anisotropic bubble nucleation (2010) · cites this paper as [22]

  • Particle production in the very early universe can make the universe locally isotropic, but cannot make it globally isotropic in the hot big bang scenario; such effects may play an important role in this scenario by making the initial small patch isotropic, and then this isotropy will be further enhanced by inflation.

    “Similarly, it was shown long ago that particle production in the very early universe can make the universe locally isotropic [23].However, this process could not make the universe globally isotropic because in the hot big bang scenario the universe consisted of many causally disconnected domains.But such effects may play important role in our scenario by making the initial small patch of the”

    From Creation of a compact topologically nontrivial inflationary universe (2004) · cites this paper as [23]

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Metadata

Authors
de Oliveira-Costa, A., Tegmark, M., Zaldarriaga, M., & Hamilton, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (US)
ORCID
Venue
Physical Review D
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2004-03-25
Volume
69
Issue
6
ISSN
  • 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-7998
  • 1550-2368
DOI
10.1103/physrevd.69.063516
OpenAlex
W2009441000
Cited by
651
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 29
FWCI
27.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)
Locations
  • Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (0205981)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Keywords
cosmic microwave background anomalies, WMAP, quadrupole, quadrupole-octopole alignment, toroidal topology

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