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Social force model for pedestrian dynamics
Open accessAbstract
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to ``social forces.'' These ``forces'' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can also be applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: first, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion; second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance from other pedestrians and borders; and third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion of nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.
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Citations
Cited by
Simulating dynamical features of escape panic
Helbing, D., Farkas, I., & Vicsek, T. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35035023 · Cited by 4,916
Self-citationStatistical physics of social dynamics
Castellano, C., Fortunato, S., & Loreto, V. (2009) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.591 · Cited by 4,119
Social GAN: Socially Acceptable Trajectories with Generative Adversarial Networks
Gupta, A., Johnson, J., Fei-Fei, L., Savarese, S., & Alahi, A. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00240 · Cited by 2,466
Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton
Burstedde, C., Klauck, K., Schadschneider, A., & Zittartz, J. (2001) · Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4371(01)00141-8 · Cited by 1,769
You'll never walk alone: Modeling social behavior for multi-target tracking
Pellegrini, S., Ess, A., Schindler, K., & van Gool, L. (2009) · 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/iccv.2009.5459260 · Cited by 1,683
Metadata
- Authors
- Helbing, D., & Molnár, P.
- Venue
- Physical Review E
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1995-05-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 4282-4286
- ISSN
- 1063-651X (ISSN-L)
- 1095-3787
- OpenAlex
- W2167052694
- Cited by
- 6,845
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Helbing, D., & Molnár, P. (1995). Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Physical Review E. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.51.4282
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