The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Simulating dynamical features of escape panic
Open accessAbstract
One of the most disastrous forms of collective human behaviour is the kind of crowd stampede induced by panic, often leading to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. Sometimes this behaviour is triggered in life-threatening situations such as fires in crowded buildings; at other times, stampedes can arise during the rush for seats or seemingly without cause. Although engineers are finding ways to alleviate the scale of such disasters, their frequency seems to be increasing with the number and size of mass events. But systematic studies of panic behaviour and quantitative theories capable of predicting such crowd dynamics are rare. Here we use a model of pedestrian behaviour to investigate the mechanisms of (and preconditions for) panic and jamming by uncoordinated motion in crowds. Our simulations suggest practical ways to prevent dangerous crowd pressures. Moreover, we find an optimal strategy for escape from a smoke-filled room, involving a mixture of individualistic behaviour and collective ‘herding’ instinct.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,517
(2013) · Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,486
Novel Type of Phase Transition in a System of Self-Driven Particles
Vicsek, T., Czirók, A., Ben-Jacob, E., Cohen, I., & Shochet, O. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.1226 · Cited by 7,380
Self-citationSocial force model for pedestrian dynamics
Helbing, D., & Molnár, P. (1995) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.51.4282 · Cited by 6,845
Self-citationFreezing by Heating in a Driven Mesoscopic System
Helbing, D., Farkas, I. J., & Vicsek, T. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.1240 · Cited by 487
Self-citationHoffman, L. R. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60104-5 · Cited by 455
Mintz, A. (1951) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0063293 · Cited by 238
Lee, Y. S. (2000) · Cited by 197
Panic at "The Who Concert Stampede": An Empirical Assessment
Johnson, N. R. (1987) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.1987.34.4.03a00040 · Cited by 190
Donald, I. (1995) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/0925-7535(95)90077-2 · Cited by 145
Cited by
Consensus Problems in Networks of Agents With Switching Topology and Time-Delays
Olfati-Saber, R., & Murray, R. M. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/tac.2004.834113 · Cited by 12,788
Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems
Bonabeau, E. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.082080899 · Cited by 4,500
Statistical physics of social dynamics
Castellano, C., Fortunato, S., & Loreto, V. (2009) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.591 · Cited by 4,119
Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility
Song, C., Qu, Z., Blumm, N., & Barabási, A.-L. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1177170 · Cited by 3,234
Vicsek, T., & Zafeiris, A. (2012) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2012.03.004 · Cited by 2,923
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Helbing, D., Farkas, I., & Vicsek, T.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 407
- Issue
- 6803
- Pages
- 487-490
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1888172398
- Cited by
- 4,916
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 103.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/35035023
- The paper
- Helbing, D., Farkas, I., & Vicsek, T. (2000). Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/35035023
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
