The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Breaking Abbe’s diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes
Abstract
We report on the generation of various hole-centered beams in the focal region of a lens and investigate their effectiveness to break the diffraction barrier in fluorescence microscopy by stimulated emission. Patterning of the phase of the stimulating beam across the entrance pupil of the objective lens produces point-spread-functions with twofold, fourfold, and circular symmetry, which narrow down the focal spot to 65-100 nm. Comparison with high-resolution confocal images exhibits a resolution much beyond the diffraction barrier. Particles that are only 65-nm apart are resolved with focused light.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Lakowicz, J. R. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3061-6 · Cited by 26,947
Principles of Optics: 60th Anniversary Edition
Born, M., & Wolf, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108769914 · Cited by 26,251
Hell, S. W., & Wichmann, J. (1994) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.19.000780 · Cited by 6,065
Self-citationRichards, B., & Wolf, E. (1959) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1959.0200 · Cited by 3,095
Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung
Abbe, E. (1873) · Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie · doi:10.1007/bf02956173 · Cited by 2,724
Fluorescence microscopy with diffraction resolution barrier broken by stimulated emission
Klar, T. A., Jakobs, S., Dyba, M., Egner, A., & Hell, S. W. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.15.8206 · Cited by 1,869
Self-citationSubdiffraction resolution in far-field fluorescence microscopy
Klar, T. A., & Hell, S. W. (1999) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.24.000954 · Cited by 864
Self-citationTopics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Principles
(2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b112907 · Cited by 589
Super-gain antennas and optical resolving power
Di Francia, G. T. (1952) · Il Nuovo Cimento · doi:10.1007/bf02903413 · Cited by 547
Generating radially polarized beams interferometrically
Tidwell, S. C., Ford, D. H., & Kimura, W. D. (1990) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.29.002234 · Cited by 479
Cited by
Nanoscale Resolution in the Focal Plane of an Optical Microscope
Westphal, V., & Hell, S. W. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.143903 · Cited by 502
Self-citationSeeing beyond the limit: A guide to choosing the right super-resolution microscopy technique
Valli, J., Garcia-Burgos, A., Rooney, L. M., Vale de Melo e Oliveira, B., Duncan, R. R., & Rickman, C. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100791 · Cited by 159
Saffarian, S., & Kirchhausen, T. (2008) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1529/biophysj.107.117234 · Cited by 111
Metadata
- Authors
- Klar, T. A., Engel, E., & Hell, S. W.
- Venue
- Physical Review E
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2001-11-26
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 066613-066613
- ISSN
- 1063-651X (ISSN-L)
- 1095-3787
- OpenAlex
- W1972482793
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Breaking Abbe’s diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physreve.64.066613
- The paper
- Klar, T. A., Engel, E., & Hell, S. W. (2001). Breaking Abbe’s diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes. Physical Review E. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.64.066613
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.