The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stimulated Electronic X-Ray Raman Scattering
Open accessAbstract
We demonstrate strong stimulated inelastic x-ray scattering by resonantly exciting a dense gas target of neon with femtosecond, high-intensity x-ray pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). A small number of lower energy XFEL seed photons drive an avalanche of stimulated resonant inelastic x-ray scattering processes that amplify the Raman scattering signal by several orders of magnitude until it reaches saturation. Despite the large overall spectral width, the internal spiky structure of the XFEL spectrum determines the energy resolution of the scattering process in a statistical sense. This is demonstrated by observing a stochastic line shift of the inelastically scattered x-ray radiation. In conjunction with statistical methods, XFELs can be used for stimulated resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, with spectral resolution smaller than the natural width of the core-excited, intermediate state.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Despite the ultrahigh intensities necessary for realizing stimulated x-ray emission (10 17 -10 18 W cm -2 in the soft and 10 19 -10 20 W cm -2 in the hard x-ray range), amplified spontaneous x-ray emission [58] and stimulated resonant inelastic x-ray Raman scattering (sRIXS) [59] have been demonstrated in atomic Ne in the soft x-ray spectral range.”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [59]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra
Cowan, R. D. (1981) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520906150 · Cited by 5,198
Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
Mukamel, S. (1995) · Cited by 4,640
Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems
Engel, G. S., Calhoun, T. R., Read, E. L., Ahn, T.-K., Mančal, T., Cheng, Y.-C., Blankenship, R. E., & Fleming, G. R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05678 · Cited by 3,315
First lasing and operation of an ångstrom-wavelength free-electron laser
Emma, P., Akre, R., Arthur, J., Bionta, R., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Brachmann, A., Bucksbaum, P., Coffee, R., Decker, F.-J., et al. (2010) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.176 · Cited by 3,167
Self-citationA compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-ångström region
Ishikawa, T., Aoyagi, H., Asaka, T., Asano, Y., Azumi, N., Bizen, T., Ego, H., Fukami, K., Fukui, T., Furukawa, Y., et al. (2012) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.141 · Cited by 1,824
Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window
Ackermann, W., Asova, G., Ayvazyan, V., Azima, A., Baboi, N., Bahr, J. W., Balandin, V., Beutner, B., Brandt, A., Bolzmann, A., et al. (2007) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2007.76 · Cited by 1,644
Collective instabilities and high-gain regime in a free electron laser
Bonifacio, R., Pellegrini, C., & Narducci, L. M. (1984) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(84)90105-6 · Cited by 1,477
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering studies of elementary excitations
Ament, L. J. P., van Veenendaal, M., Devereaux, T., Hill, J. P., & van den Brink, J. (2011) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.83.705 · Cited by 1,289
Structure of the Amide I Band of Peptides Measured by Femtosecond Nonlinear-Infrared Spectroscopy
Hamm, P. M., Lim, M., & Hochstrasser, R. M. (1998) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp9813286 · Cited by 1,095
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for electrons in solids
Kotani, A., & Shin, S. (2001) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.73.203 · Cited by 811
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–146 of 146
Avetissian, H. K., Avchyan, B. R., & Mkrtchian, G. F. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.90.053812 · Cited by 5
Stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen by ultrashort laser pulse in the keV regime
Bachau, H., & Dondera, M. (2016) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/0295-5075/114/23001 · Cited by 5
Zhang, Y. A., Bennett, K., & Mukamel, S. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01762 · Cited by 5
Quantum and Nonlinear Optics with Hard X-Rays
Röhlsberger, R., Evers, J., & Shwartz, S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_32-1 · Cited by 5
Hermitian stochastic methodology for x-ray superfluorescence
Chuchurka, S., Sukharnikov, V., & Rohringer, N. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.063705 · Cited by 7
Self-citationTime and frequency resolved transient-absorption and stimulated-Raman signals of stochastic light
Osipov, V. A., Asban, S., & Mukamel, S. (2019) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.5109258 · Cited by 5
Stimulated X-Ray Raman Scattering with Free-Electron Laser Sources
Rohringer, N., Kimberg, V., Weninger, C., Sánchez‐González, Á., Lutman, A. A., Maxwell, T., Bostedt, C., Carron, S., Lindahl, A. O., Ilchen, M., et al. (2015) · Springer proceedings in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19521-6_26 · Cited by 4
Self-citationHantschmann, M., & Föhlisch, A. (2022) · Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena · doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2021.147139 · Cited by 4
Coupled Cluster Simulation of Impulsive Stimulated X-ray Raman Scattering
Balbi, A., Skeidsvoll, A. S., & Koch, H. (2023) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03678 · Cited by 4
Stochastic Maxwell-Bloch equations for modeling amplified spontaneous emission
Park, J.-W., Kim, K.-J., & Lindberg, R. R. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.023724 · Cited by 4
Molecular Soft X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy
Nordgren, J., & Rubensson, J.-E. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_30 · Cited by 3
Free-electron laser based resonant inelastic X-ray scattering on molecules and liquids
Kunnus, K., Schreck, S., & Föhlisch, A. (2015) · Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena · doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2015.08.012 · Cited by 3
AMO Experiments with Seeded FELs
Callegari, C., Prince, K. C., & Ueda, K. (2016) · Synchrotron Radiation News · doi:10.1080/08940886.2016.1174040 · Cited by 3
Shao, H., & Starace, A. F. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.99.033413 · Cited by 3
A 1D imaging soft X-ray spectrometer for the small quantum systems instrument at the European XFEL
Agåker, M., Söderström, J., Baumann, T. M., Englund, C.-J., Kjellsson, L., Boll, R., Fanis, A. D., Dold, S., Mazza, T., Montaño, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s1600577524005988 · Cited by 3
Goloborodko, A. A., Serrat, C., & Svetina, C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11515-8 · Cited by 3
Probing Delocalized Current Densities in Selenophene by Resonant X-ray Sum-Frequency Generation
Cavaletto, S. M., & Mukamel, S. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00886 · Cited by 3
Interaction of Intense X-Ray Beams with Atoms
Santra, R., & Young, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_25 · Cited by 3
Emergence of pseudoresonance in high-intensity resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Son, S.-K., Baumann, T., Pedersen, J., Budewig, L., Li, K., Ågren, H., Björneholm, O., Boll, R., Bozek, J. D., Caleman, C., et al. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/drmh-vmgk · Cited by 2
Self-citationGain dynamics of inner-shell vacancy states pumped by high-intensity XFEL in Mg, Al and Si
Heo, J., Kim, Y. H., Yun, G. S., & Kim, D. E. (2023) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.495095 · Cited by 2
Stochastic modeling of superfluorescence in compact systems
Chuchurka, S., Sukharnikov, V., Benediktovitch, A., & Rohringer, N. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.053703 · Cited by 6
Self-citationNonlinear X-ray Compton Scattering
Fuchs, M. (2014) · Research in Optical Sciences · doi:10.1364/hilas.2014.hth2b.3 · Cited by 3
Cramer, S. P. (2020) · Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28551-7_12 · Cited by 2
Multilevel Laser Induced Continuum Structure
Zlatanov, K. N., & Vitanov, N. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23070891 · Cited by 2
Stohr, J. (2023) · Springer tracts in modern physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20744-0_1 · Cited by 2
A Rate Model of Electron Populations for Non-linear High-Fluence X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectra
Engel, R. Y., Scholz, M., Schunck, J. O., & Beye, M. (2022) · DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) · doi:10.3204/pubdb-2023-01186 · Cited by 1
Non-resonant elastic and inelastic x-ray scattering study of nitrous oxide
Chen, J.-F., Wang, L., Xiong, T., Tang, R.-Q., Yan, S., Yang, K., & Zhu, L. (2025) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0292801 · Cited by 1
Probing Molecular Photoexcited Dynamics by Soft X-Rays
Gühr, M. (2015) · Springer series on atomic, optical, and plasma physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20173-3_14 · Cited by 1
Quantum and Nonlinear Optics with Hard X-Rays
Röhlsberger, R., Evers, J., & Shwartz, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14394-1_32 · Cited by 1
Richter, D., Magunia, A., Rebholz, M., Ott, C., & Pfeifer, T. (2024) · Optics · doi:10.3390/opt5010007 · Cited by 2
X-ray Free-Electron Lasers: A New Tool for Atomic, Molecular and Chemical Dynamics
Ho, P. J., Doumy, G., & Young, L. (2021) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2021-1398.ch002 · Cited by 1
All X-Ray Four-Wave Mixing on a Gas Phase Sample
Morillo-Candas, A.-S., Al-Haddad, A., Augustin, S., Cannizzo, A., Deng, Y., Feurer, T., Knurr, J., Ott, C., Prat, E., Rebholz, M., et al. (2023) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) · doi:10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232062 · Cited by 1
Self-citationNonlinear Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
Schwartz, C. P., & Drisdell, W. S. (2023) · Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6714-8_4 · Cited by 1
Intense x-rays can be (slightly) exciting
Pfeifer, T. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd6168 · Cited by 1
Engel, R. Y., Alexander, O., Atak, K., Bovensiepen, U., Buck, J., Carley, R., Cascella, M., Chardonnet, V., Chiuzbăian, S. G., Dávid, C., et al. (2022) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.3204/pubdb-2023-01187 · Cited by 1
A stable narrow-band X-ray laser
Young, L. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/524424a
Modeling of 3D paraxial x-ray superfluorescence based on stochastic differential equations
Benediktovitch, A., Chuchurka, S., Halavanau, A., Krušič, Š., & Rohringer, N. (2022) · High-Brightness Sources and Light-Driven Interactions · doi:10.1364/euvxray.2022.ew6a.2
Self-citationNon-linear Absorption and Scattering Processes in Solids
Stohr, J. (2023) · Springer tracts in modern physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20744-0_15
Ultrafast Molecular Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase
Gühr, M. (2023) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/bk9781837671564-00001
André, J., & Jonnard, P. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394352029.ch1
Montorsi, F., Mukamel, S., Tamassia, F., Garavelli, M., Segatta, F., & Nenov, A. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/2lfz-pqzt
Amplification of Spontaneous Emission from Doubly Excited He Atoms
TurnŠEk, J., Krušič, Š., Mihelič, A., Bučar, K., Foglia, L., Mincigrucci, R., Krstulović, M., Coreno, M., Bonano, G., Prince, K. C., et al. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/mg5s-xvct
Magunia, A., Rebholz, M., Mazza, T., Fanis, A. D., Baumann, T. M., Usenko, S., Rennhack, N., Li, K. M., Simon, M., Agåker, M., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-32245-x
Stohr, J. (2026) · Springer tracts in modern physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07630-4_1
Non-linear Processes in Solids: Absorption, Diffraction and Scattering
Stohr, J. (2026) · Springer tracts in modern physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07634-2_10
Phase control of interfering stimulated Raman pathways in the XUV regime
Eichmann, U., Carlström, S., Patchkovskii, S., Eisebitt, S., Rubensson, J., Söderström, J., Mikosch, J., Allaria, E., Brynes, A. D., Callegari, C., et al. (2026) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-026-02024-9
Metadata
- Authors
- Weninger, C., Purvis, M., Ryan, D., London, R. A., Bozek, J. D., Bostedt, C., Graf, A., Brown, G., Rocca, J. J., & Rohringer, N.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (DE)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2013-12-05
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 233902-233902
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2032189197
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DEAC5207NA27344, AC52‐07NA27344, Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, No. DE-AC52-07NA27344)
- Office of Science (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
- Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC52-07NA27344.)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (DE‐AC5207NA27344, No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, AC52-07NA27344)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Keywords
- stimulated Raman scattering, X-ray free-electron laser, neon gas, femtosecond X-ray pulses, signal amplification, spectral resolution, core-excited states, intermediate state, line shift, statistical analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
