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Enhancing the Charging Power of Quantum Batteries
Open accessAbstract
Can collective quantum effects make a difference in a meaningful thermodynamic operation? Focusing on energy storage and batteries, we demonstrate that quantum mechanics can lead to an enhancement in the amount of work deposited per unit time, i.e., the charging power, when N batteries are charged collectively. We first derive analytic upper bounds for the collective quantum advantage in charging power for two choices of constraints on the charging Hamiltonian. We then demonstrate that even in the absence of quantum entanglement this advantage can be extensive. For our main result, we provide an upper bound to the achievable quantum advantage when the interaction order is restricted; i.e., at most k batteries are interacting. This constitutes a fundamental limit on the advantage offered by quantum technologies over their classical counterparts.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper defines a collective quantum advantage for charging power when N quantum batteries are charged jointly rather than in parallel, and derives upper bounds on this advantage under energetic constraints. It shows that an extensive advantage is possible even without entanglement, but for physically realisable at-most-k-body interactions the advantage cannot scale with N and is bounded by a function quadratic in k.
Key findings
- For two constraints on the collective charging Hamiltonian, the quantum advantage is upper bounded as Γ_C1 ≤ √N and Γ_C2 ≤ N, with β = T‖/T_QSL^(1) quantifying inability to saturate the quantum speed limit in parallel charging.
- An extensive advantage can occur even for highly mixed states inside the separable ball: for N two-level thermal batteries, Γ_C1 = √N, Γ_C2 = N, and Γ_C0 = N, while the joint state need not be entangled during charging.
- For circuit-based charging with interaction order at most k, Theorem 2 gives Γ_C0 < γk, where γ does not scale with N; for ground-to-maximally-excited states γ = π/2.
- For generic time-dependent charging with interaction order k and maximum participation number m, Theorem 3 gives Γ_C0 < γ(k²(m−1)+k). Achievable comparisons are Γ_C1 = √k and Γ_C2 = k when N/k is an integer, and Γ_C0 = k in that same situation.
Methods
- Theoretical study of unitary charging of N quantum batteries, defining the quantum advantage as Γ = P♯/P‖ = T‖/T♯, where P♯ is collective charging power and P‖ is parallel charging power.
- Analytic derivation using the quantum speed limit, Bures angle L_N, Uhlmann fidelity, and three constraints C0, C1, and C2 on the collective Hamiltonian’s energy, standard deviation, or operator norm.
- Supplementary proofs use a piecewise unitary circuit model, Trotter-Suzuki decomposition, and a numerical search over Haar-random charging Hamiltonians with sample size ν = 10⁵ for (N,k) = (3,2), (4,2), (4,3), and (6,2).
Limitations
- The paper states that its bounds are not tight; Theorem 2’s strict inequality is only different by a constant factor from an achievable bound in a special case.
- Conjecture 4, extending Theorem 2 to any time-dependent k-body interaction Hamiltonian, is not proven; the numerical search found no counterexamples but “does not represent a proof,” and measure-zero counterexamples cannot be excluded.
- The paper states that k-body interactions are hard to engineer and that higher interaction orders are generally difficult; the exact radius of the separable ball is not known, though it has been bounded.
- Evident from the text: the work is theoretical and numerical, with no experimental demonstration of the predicted charging advantage.
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In the paper
“In contrast, the joint charging of N batteries is achieved in T ♯ = T ‖ /α ♯ using the global Hamiltonian H ♯ = α ♯ H ⊗ N , where the positive constant α ♯ is introduced to satisfy the chosen constraint.”
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In the paper
“Proposition 1 An extensive quantum advantage can be attained even for highly mixed states, including those confined to the separable ball throughout the charging procedure.”
- Also stated in: § Enhancing the charging power of quantum batteries · p. 3 · plain
“no matter how mixed the battery is a quantum advantage that scales with the number of batteries involved is always achievable.”
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In the paper
“We then go on to analytically prove that, for charging fields with finite interaction order, i.e. , involving at most k -body interaction terms, the quantum advantage is upper bounded by a quadratic function of k and cannot scale with the total number of batteries.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“The Hamiltonian used in the example above, and in Ref. [15], to saturate the bound for quantum advantage involves N -body interactions.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] F. Binder, S. Vinjanampathy, K. Modi, and J. Goold, New J. Phys. 17 , 075015 (2015). source
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In the paper
“Theorem 2 For a circuit based charging procedure with interaction order of at most k , the achievable quantum advantage is upper bounded as Γ C0 < γk , where γ is a constant that does not scale with the number N of batteries.”
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In the paper
“The optimal local charging scheme is achieved in time T ‖ = π/ 2 by applying Hamiltonian H = | E 0 〉〈 E 1 | + | E 1 〉〈 E 0 | to each battery.”
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In the paper
“We then demonstrate that even in the absence of quantum entanglement this advantage can be extensive.”
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In the paper
“In the important case where ρ and σ are the ground and maximally excited states respectively, γ = π/ 2 .”
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In the paper
“In this sense, it is a stricter constraint than C1 or C2.”
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In the paper
“We first derive analytic upper bounds for the collective quantum advantage in charging power for two choices of constraints on the charging Hamiltonian.”
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In the paper
“Firstly, for orthogonal pure initial and final states, the QSL can be saturated and β = 1 .”
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In the paper
“In both cases (local and global) the deposited work is identical; thus, the quantum advantage is simply the ratio of T ‖ to T ♯ : Γ = α ♯ , which can be evaluated for the choice of constraint.”
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In the paper
“Constraint C0 guarantees that both the time-averaged standard deviation and the time-averaged energy are bounded from above, as shown in Sec. A of SM.”
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In the paper
“The two bounds in Eq. (4) are independent from each other, and constraint C1 is stronger than C2, as it leads to a stricter bound on the quantum advantage.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
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In the paper
“The two bounds in Eq. (4) are independent from each other, and constraint C1 is stronger than C2, as it leads to a stricter bound on the quantum advantage.”
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In the paper
“There, we show that E ♯ upper bounds both E ♯ / 2 and ∆ E ♯ .”
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In the paper
“We find Γ C1 = √ N and Γ C2 = N (also Γ C0 = N for C0 given in Eq. (5)).”
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In the paper
“Remarkably, neither T ‖ nor T ♯ depend on ϵ , while the total work done does.”
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In the paper
“Here we show that ∆ E ♯ ≤ E ♯ and E ♯ ≤ 2 E ♯ by direct computation.”
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In the paper
“We have proven two fundamental upper bounds for the quantum advantage, each corresponding to a different constraint on the charging Hamiltonian.”
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In the paper
“Next, we show that attaining a quantum advantage requires entangling operations, but not entanglement itself.”
- Also stated in: § Enhancing the charging power of quantum batteries · p. 3 · plain
“Proposition 1 implies that, while a quantum advantage requires entangling operations, the joint state of N -batteries does not have to be entangled during the charging process.”
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- Also stated in: § Enhancing the charging power of quantum batteries · p. 3 · plain
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In the paper
“Since the distance from the maximally mixed state cannot change under unitary evolution, for a small enough choice of ϵ , the joint state of N batteries will lie within this ball throughout the evolution; yet, the quantum advantage remains extensive.”
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In the paper
“Though the quantum advantage for power could be larger in other cases, including where the battery states are mixed [26], the improvement cannot grow with the number of batteries; i.e. , β is a constant function of N .”
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In the paper
“For comparison, it has been shown elsewhere that Γ C1 = √ k and Γ C2 = k are achievable if the total number of batteries N can be divided by k , i.e. , if N/k = s ∈ N [15, 36].”
What the sources say
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In the paper
“This numerical evidence does not represent a proof of our conjecture since there could be a measure zero set of Hamiltonians for which P > 1 .”
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In the paper
“The quantum advantage has been interpreted as the result of rapid evolution through the space of high-dimensional quantum states, typically obtained by means of global operations [15].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] F. Binder, S. Vinjanampathy, K. Modi, and J. Goold, New J. Phys. 17 , 075015 (2015). source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“Note that these bounds are not tight”
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In the paper
“There, an enhancement in sensing is still available for highly mixed states lying inside the separable ball [43].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] K. Modi, H. Cable, M. Williamson, and V. Vedral, Phys. Rev. X 1 , 021022 (2011). source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“While, in the case of pure states, entanglement is a necessary consequence of these global operations, a fully separable evolution is still accessible for those states that live in the separable ball.”
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In the paper
“Since each of the M terms at each time step must be implemented sequentially, U Trot takes M times longer to run than U , with a corresponding drop in power P ♯ = MP Trot .”
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In the paper
“This Letter demonstrates that thermodynamic processes can indeed benefit from collective effects when time enters the picture, though physical limitations on the interaction order prevent us from utilising them.”
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In the paper
“For many physical systems, both k and m are limited: 2 or 3-body interactions are the norm for fundamental processes, and higher interaction orders are generally hard to engineer here [37-39].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] H. P. B¨ uchler, A. Micheli, and P. Zoller, Nat. Phys. 3 , 726 (2007). source
- Not checked yetcites [38] S. Boixo, S. T. Flammia, C. M. Caves, and J. Geremia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 , 090401 (2007). source
- Not checked yetcites [39] M. Napolitano, M. Koschorreck, B. Dubost, N. Behbood, R. Sewell, and M. W. Mitchell, Nature 471 , 486 (2011). source
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The authors state this as an assumption.
Each hµ acts on a completely different set of k batteries, i.e., [hµ, hµ'] = 0 for all µ, µ'.
“assuming that each h µ acts on a completely different set of k batteries, i.e. , [ h µ , h µ ′ ] = 0 ∀ µ, µ ′ .”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The reach of the interaction should be limited.
“This restriction is motivated by the idea that the reach of the interaction should be limited.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The effective participation number m tends to be constrained by the spatial arrangement of systems and the fact that interaction strength often drops off with distance.
“The effective participation number, or reach, m tends to be constrained by the spatial arrangement of systems and the fact that interaction strength often drops off with distance.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Collective behaviour has been demonstrated to provide an advantage in performing many information theoretic tasks, but such distinctions from classical behaviour are few and far between in thermodynamics.
“While collective behaviour has been demonstrated to provide an advantage in performing many information theoretic tasks, such distinctions from classical behaviour are few and far between in thermodynamics.”
Claims other papers make about this one
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In the citing paper
“In addition, similar techniques have been employed to optimally charge a quantum battery [110,111].”
From Quantum speed limits: from Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to optimal quantum control (2017) · cites this paper as [111]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The k=3, m=2 example exceeds the stated interaction reach
MinorThe stated restriction allows each battery to interact with at most two others when m=2. In the example, battery 1 belongs to both (1,2,3) and (1,4,5), so it interacts with four other batteries: 2, 3, 4, and 5.
“( k = 3 , m = 2) Now the first 3-partition (1 , 2 , 3) is followed by (1 , 4 , 5) , (2 , 4 , 6) and (3 , 5 , 6) .”
“each battery is simultaneously interacting with at most m others.”
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Fast protocols for charging a three-spin-chain quantum battery
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Efficient charging of multiple open quantum batteries through dissipation and pumping
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Komarsofla, M. K., & Kiani, A. (2026) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2026.120939 · Cited by 6
Quantum battery via reservoir engineering
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Zahia, A. A., Mashhor, L., Ahmed, M. M. A., & Obada, A. ‐. F. (2026) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-026-05120-5 · Cited by 4
Spin-Based Quantum Energy Devices: From Quantum Thermal Machines to Quantum Batteries
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Hadipour, M., Haseli, S., & Haddadi, S. (2024) · Communications in Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1088/1572-9494/ad54ae · Cited by 4
Harnessing Nth Root Gates for Energy Storage
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Siddique, S. A., Ali, M. M., & Sen, A. (2025) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202500098 · Cited by 4
Quantum harvester enabling energy transfer without entropy transfer
Meng, F., Xu, J., Liu, X., & Dahlsten, O. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.012219 · Cited by 4
Scrambling in the charging of quantum batteries
Romero, S. V., Ding, Y., Chen, X., & Ban, Y. (2025) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2025)021 · Cited by 4
Improving Quantum Battery Capacity in Tripartite Quantum Systems by Local Projective Measurements
Wang, Y., Liu, H., Fei, S., & Zhang, T. (2025) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202500095 · Cited by 4
Measuring multipartite quantum correlations by thermodynamic work extraction
Yada, T., Yoshioka, N., & Sagawa, T. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/s8h3-5ptz · Cited by 4
Magnetically controlled quantum thermal devices via three nearest-neighbor coupled spin-1/2 systems
Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., & Yu, C. (2024) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.109.014142 · Cited by 4
Breaking local quantum speed limits with steering
Centrone, F., & Gessner, M. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l042067 · Cited by 4
Observation of minimal and maximal speed limits for few and many-body states
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Collective preparation of large quantum registers with high fidelity
Buffoni, L., & Campisi, M. (2024) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/adc3bb · Cited by 2
Dicke–Ising quantum battery of an ion chain driven by a mechanical oscillator
Wen, J., Zheng, W., Peng, P., & Li, G.-Q. (2025) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/add50d · Cited by 5
Quantum resources for energy storage
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Quantum Speed Limit Under the Influence of Measurement-based Feedback Control
Hou, L., Shao, B., & Wang, C. (2023) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-023-05318-8 · Cited by 4
Shortest evolution path between two mixed states and its realization
Huang, J., Dong, S.-S., Chen, G.-L., Zhou, N., Liu, F.-Y., & Qin, L. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.042405 · Cited by 4
Information compression via hidden subgroup quantum autoencoders
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Dichotomy in the effect of chaos on ergotropy
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Metastability-induced solid-state quantum batteries for powering microwave quantum electronics
Wang, Y., Wu, H., & Zhao, Q. B. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/73rk-6cp6 · Cited by 3
Geometric phase in dissipative quantum batteries
Cristiano, C., Viotti, L., & Villar, P. I. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/whs2-dkgh · Cited by 3
Noise resilience of spin quantum battery in the presence of DM interactions
Vigneshwar, B., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2025) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8121/ae30b8 · Cited by 3
Quantum Walks as a Tool to Design Robust Quantum Batteries: The Role of Topology and Chirality
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Non-Markovian-assisted advantage for central-spin quantum battery
Xu, J., You, J.-B., & Yang, W. L. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/mmy1-jb4n · Cited by 3
Charge-Preserving Operations in Quantum Batteries
Malavazi, A. H. A., Ahmadi, B., Horodecki, P., & Dieguez, P. R. (2026) · PRX Energy · doi:10.1103/2jtp-jpkn · Cited by 3
Quantum advantage bounds for a multipartite Gaussian battery
Cavaliere, F., Ferraro, D., Carrega, M., Benenti, G., & Sassetti, M. (2026) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/r8v1-5xwf · Cited by 3
Enhancing Nonreciprocity through Squeezing-Induced Symmetry Breaking
Liu, B.-B., Wang, D.-Y., Tang, J., Chen, G., Jing, H., Su, S., & Nori, F. (2026) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/kh36-7z76 · Cited by 3
Pati, A. K., Mohan, B., Sahil, & Braunstein, S. L. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/mmzc-fyr9 · Cited by 7
Stable energy transfer of noninteracting quantum charger-battery via photonic band gap
Wang, Z.-K., Xu, K. D., Yan, W., Man, Z., Zhang, Y.-J., & Xia, Y. (2025) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.111.024125 · Cited by 3
Subwavelength quantum battery based on an atomic ring array coupled with an incoherently driven atom
Han, Y., Pan, Z., & Li, H. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.032221 · Cited by 3
Dissipative qutrit-mediated stable charging
Zhang, C.-Y., & Jing, J. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/v7pq-ffxz · Cited by 3
A Review on Quantum Computing Approach for Next-Generation Energy Storage Solution
Khalid, A., Tufail, S., & Sarwat, A. I. (2021) · IEEE SoutheastCon · doi:10.1109/southeastcon45413.2021.9401854 · Cited by 3
Path distance of a quantum unitary evolution
Huang, J., Dong, S.-S., Chen, G.-L., Zhou, N., Liu, F.-Y., & Qin, L. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.022204 · Cited by 3
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Quach, J. Q., McGhee, K. E., Ganzer, L., Rouse, D. M., Lovett, B. W., Gauger, E. M., Keeling, J., Cerullo, G., Lidzey, D. G., & Virgili, T. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-123919/v1 · Cited by 3
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Role of energy-invariant assistants in energy extraction from quantum batteries
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Bound energy, entanglement and identifying critical points in 1D long-range Kitaev model
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Quantum State Ordering Driven by Quantum Battery Capacity and Correlation
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The evolution of quantum battery capacity of GHZ-like states under Markovian channels
Liu, H., & Zhang, T. (2025) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-025-04974-5 · Cited by 2
Upper bounds on charging power and tangible advantage in quantum batteries
Sreeram, P. G., Kannan, J. B., & Santhanam, M. S. (2026) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0313289 · Cited by 2
Kua, K. H., Serafini, A., & Genoni, M. G. (2025) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ae2200 · Cited by 2
Spin-mechanical thermal machines
Hatifi, M., Nayak, A., & Twamley, J. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/mgjh-rws9 · Cited by 2
Frozen and growing quantum work under noise: Coherence and correlations as key resources
Arjmandi, M. B. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/43vv-521p · Cited by 2
Multilevel quantum batteries: Large battery capacity and high charging speed
Huang, Z., Zhang, D., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Yu, Y., Jin, G., & Chen, A. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/qhz8-mvfb · Cited by 2
Entanglement and dynamical scaling laws in quantum superabsorption
Álvarez-Cuartas, J. D., & Reina, J. H. (2026) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/jtgg-tbnw · Cited by 2
Experimental extraction and dynamics of ergotropy in open quantum systems
Gao, H.-X., Zhuang, X.-C., Xue, Q.-F., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y.-J., Xia, Y., & Man, Z. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/prsk-v1q2 · Cited by 2
Optimal control of a dissipative micromaser quantum battery in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Crotti, M., Razzoli, L., Giannelli, L., Falci, G., & Benenti, G. (2026) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ae6fe5 · Cited by 2
Cluster Ising quantum batteries can mimic superextensive charging power
Pavone, A., Cavagnaro, F. L., Carrega, M., Grazi, R., Ferraro, D., & Ziani, N. T. (2026) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/rdhw-9kh3 · Cited by 2
Anonymous, Chen, X., & Ban, Y. (2026) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/j35s-xv5k · Cited by 7
Quach, J. Q., Virgili, T., Cerullo, G., McGhee, K. E., Ganzer, L., & Lidzey, D. G. (2020) · International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena · doi:10.1364/up.2020.tu4a.1 · Cited by 2
Enhanced Charging in Common Environments Compared to Independent Environments for Two‐Level Systems
Xu, K. D., Chen, J., Li, H.-G., Zhu, H., Zhu, H., & Liu, W. (2022) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.202200446 · Cited by 2
Correlations and energy in mediated dynamics
Krisnanda, T., Lee, S., Noh, C., Kim, J., Streltsov, A., Liew, T. C. H., & Paterek, T. (2022) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aca9ef · Cited by 2
Charging performance of quantum batteries based on intensity-dependent Dicke model
Huang, B.-Y., He, Z. W., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230578 · Cited by 2
Dense dipole-dipole-coupled two-level systems in a thermal bath
Macovei, M. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.023712 · Cited by 2
A double quantum dot quantum battery controlled with a Markovian feedback
Bohórquez, O. (2024) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2024.130153 · Cited by 2
Photonic Energy‐Coherence Theorem and Experimental Validations
Yang, Y., Liu, X., Jiang, J., Chen, H., Yang, X., Qian, X., Fei, S., & Luo, M. (2025) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202500326 · Cited by 2
Thermodynamics of Reduced State of the Field
Cusumano, S., & Rudnicki, Ł. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23091198 · Cited by 2
Optimal driving field for multipartite quantum battery coupled with a common thermal bath
杨, Z. Q. 梓. Y., Zhou, L., 周, Z. Y. 正. Z., 金, G. R. 光. J., 程, L. 龙. C., & 王, X. G. 晓. W. (2023) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/acdc12 · Cited by 2
Modeling and Optimization of RF-Energy Harvesting-assisted Quantum Battery System
Gautam, S., Sharma, S. K., Chatzinotas, S., & Ottersten, B. (2021) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448861 · Cited by 2
Thermodynamics of Quantum Spin-Bath Depolarization
Dasari, D. B. R. (2023) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e25020340 · Cited by 1
Xiao, X., Wang, H., & Qiu, X. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/rdpr-db6m · Cited by 5
Positive and non-positive measurements in energy distillation from quantum batteries
Chaki, P., Bhattacharyya, A., Sen, K., & Sen, U. (2026) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2026.132050 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Campaioli, F., Pollock, F. A., Binder, F. C., Céleri, L., Goold, J., Vinjanampathy, S., & Modi, K.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Universidade Federal de Goiás (BR)
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) (IT)
- Centre for Quantum Technologies (SG)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2017-04-12
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 150601-150601
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2561264561
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 13.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace (IIT Bombay) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF-CRP14-2014-02, NRF-NRFF2016-02)
- European Cooperation in Science and Technology (MP1209)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq: 401230/2014-7, CNPq: 305086/2013-8, CNPq: 445516/2014-3)
- IITB-IRCC (16IRCCSG019)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- Keywords
- quantum batteries, charging power, quantum advantage, energy storage, work rate, upper bounds, quantum entanglement, interaction order, quantum thermodynamics
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