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Three-Qubit Randomized Benchmarking
Open accessAbstract
As quantum circuits increase in size, it is critical to establish scalable multiqubit fidelity metrics. Here we investigate, for the first time, three-qubit randomized benchmarking (RB) on a quantum device consisting of three fixed-frequency transmon qubits with pairwise microwave-activated interactions (cross-resonance). We measure a three-qubit error per Clifford of 0.106 for all-to-all gate connectivity and 0.207 for linear gate connectivity. Furthermore, by introducing mixed dimensionality simultaneous RB-simultaneous one- and two-qubit RB-we show that the three-qubit errors can be predicted from the one- and two-qubit errors. However, by introducing certain coherent errors to the gates, we can increase the three-qubit error to 0.302, an increase that is not predicted by a proportionate increase in the one- and two-qubit errors from simultaneous RB. This demonstrates the importance of multiqubit metrics, such as three-qubit RB, on evaluating overall device performance.
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“Methods such as randomized benchmarking [5], state and process tomography [6], and gateset tomography [7] are valued for measuring the performance of operations on a few qubits, yet they fail to account for errors arising from interactions with spectator qubits [8, 9].”
From Validating quantum computers using randomized model circuits (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
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Metadata
- Authors
- McKay, D. C., Sheldon, S., Smolin, J. A., Chow, J. M., & Gambetta, J. M.
- Affiliations
- IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2019-05-23
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 200502-200502
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2776564547
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 10.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Army Research Office (W911NF-14-1-0124)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Keywords
- transmon qubits, cross-resonance gate, coherent errors
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